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Zoonoses and climate variability.

Rocio Cardenas1, Claudia M Sandoval, Alfonso J Rodriguez-Morales

  • 1Instituto Departamental de Salud de Norte de Santander, Cucuta, Colombia. rociocardenass@yahoo.es

Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences
|January 6, 2009
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Climate variability, including El Niño and La Niña events, significantly impacts leishmaniasis transmission in Colombia. Understanding these climate-zoonose relationships is crucial for managing this emerging disease.

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Area of Science:

  • Environmental Science
  • Epidemiology
  • Tropical Medicine

Background:

  • Leishmaniasis transmission in the Americas involves Lutzomyia sandflies and various animal reservoirs.
  • Previous research suggests climate change may alter vector distribution, necessitating further impact studies.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the impact of climatic variability and El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) events on leishmaniasis incidence in southern Colombia from 1985 to 2002.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized satellite-derived climatic data and Health Ministry epidemiological records for 11 Colombian departments.
  • Employed NOAA climatic classification and SOI/ONI indexes to assess global climate variability.
  • Conducted yearly variation comparisons and median trend deviations between disease incidence and climate indicators.

Main Results:

  • A total of 19,212 leishmaniasis cases were recorded during the study period (1985-2002).
  • Overall leishmaniasis incidence increased by 4.98% during El Niño years compared to La Niña years.
  • Significant regional variations were observed, with some departments showing increased incidence during El Niño and others during La Niña, particularly Valle (P=0.0092) and Putumayo (P=0.0001).

Conclusions:

  • Climate variability, particularly ENSO events, significantly influences leishmaniasis transmission dynamics in Colombia.
  • Observed shifts in disease patterns underscore the importance of climate change on vector and reservoir distributions.
  • Findings highlight the need for integrated forecasting and monitoring systems to manage zoonotic diseases influenced by climate variability.