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Related Concept Videos

Brain Abscess l: Introduction01:26

Brain Abscess l: Introduction

A brain abscess is a focal, intracerebral infection characterized by a localized collection of pus within the brain parenchyma, resulting from microbial invasion and the body’s inflammatory response. It progresses through stages: early and late cerebritis, followed by early and late capsule formation, reflecting tissue destruction, immune response, and eventual encapsulation.Etiology and PathogenesisCausative organisms vary with source and host factors, often involving polymicrobial infections,...
Local Anesthetics: Clinical Application as Epidural Anesthesia01:29

Local Anesthetics: Clinical Application as Epidural Anesthesia

Epidural anesthetics are administered in the fat-filled epidural space, the outermost part of the spinal canal. This technique is commonly employed for pain management and anesthesia during lower abdomen and pelvis surgeries or labor and delivery.
Since epidural anesthetics can be infused through an epidural catheter, all types of drugs, including short-acting ones, can be administered. Chloroprocaine and lidocaine are examples of short and long-duration anesthetics, respectively. Bupivacaine...
Local Anesthetics: Clinical Application as Spinal Anesthesia01:11

Local Anesthetics: Clinical Application as Spinal Anesthesia

Spinal anesthetics are given during lower abdomen and limb surgeries to block sensory and motor neurons. They are administered in the mid to low lumbar regions, primarily acting on the cauda equina's nerve roots. The blockade level depends on the local anesthetic (LA) concentration. Usually, low LA concentrations are sufficient to block sensory fibers, while only high LA concentrations block motor fibers. Other factors like injection volume and speed, the patient's posture, and the drug...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 26, 2026

A Retrospective Study on Endoscopic Surgery for the Treatment of Paravertebral Abscess in Spinal Tuberculosis Patients
03:47

A Retrospective Study on Endoscopic Surgery for the Treatment of Paravertebral Abscess in Spinal Tuberculosis Patients

Published on: October 25, 2024

Spinal epidural abscess in two calves.

Davide D Zani1, Laura Romanò, Massimiliano Scandella

  • 1Dipartimento di Scienze Cliniche Veterinarie, Ospedale Veterinario Grandi Animali, University of Milan, Lodi, Italy.

Veterinary Surgery : VS
|January 6, 2009
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Spinal epidural abscess (SEA) in calves presents with neurological deficits. Surgical decompression and antibiotics can lead to a good outcome, making SEA a key differential diagnosis.

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Last Updated: Jun 26, 2026

A Retrospective Study on Endoscopic Surgery for the Treatment of Paravertebral Abscess in Spinal Tuberculosis Patients
03:47

A Retrospective Study on Endoscopic Surgery for the Treatment of Paravertebral Abscess in Spinal Tuberculosis Patients

Published on: October 25, 2024

Area of Science:

  • Veterinary neurology
  • Bovine medicine
  • Surgical pathology

Background:

  • Spinal epidural abscess (SEA) is a rare but serious condition in calves.
  • Early diagnosis and intervention are crucial for favorable outcomes.

Observation:

  • Two calves presented with progressive neurological signs including ataxia, paresis, fever, and spinal pain.
  • Diagnostic imaging (myelography, MRI) revealed extradural spinal cord compression consistent with SEA.
  • Cerebrospinal fluid analysis showed neutrophilic pleocytosis in one case.

Findings:

  • One calf was diagnosed with SEA and discospondylitis via necropsy.
  • The second calf underwent successful laminectomy and SEA excision, with significant neurological improvement.
  • No bacterial isolates were obtained from CSF, surgical site, or necropsy.

Implications:

  • SEA should be considered in the differential diagnosis for calves exhibiting fever, spinal pain, and myelopathy.
  • Prompt surgical decompression and appropriate antibiotic therapy can result in a positive long-term prognosis for affected calves.