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Related Concept Videos

Compartment Models: Single-Compartment Model01:14

Compartment Models: Single-Compartment Model

The single-compartment model serves as a simplified representation of the human body. This model assumes that the body functions as a single, well-mixed open compartment. When a drug is administered intravenously, it enters the body and quickly distributes uniformly. The drug then undergoes biotransformation and elimination, ultimately leaving the body. The volume of this compartment is referred to as the apparent volume of distribution into which the drug can uniformly distribute. In this...
Compartment Models: Two-Compartment Model01:20

Compartment Models: Two-Compartment Model

The two-compartment model divides the body into central and peripheral compartments to account for varying blood perfusion rates among organs and tissues, affecting drug distribution. The central compartment includes blood and highly perfused tissues with rapid drug distribution, while the peripheral compartment contains tissues with slower drug distribution. After a single IV bolus dose, the drug concentration is high in plasma and low in tissues. The drug distribution between compartments...
Three-Compartment Open Model01:06

Three-Compartment Open Model

The three-compartment open model is a pharmacokinetic model used to describe the distribution and elimination of drugs following extravascular administration. It comprises a central compartment representing the plasma and two peripheral compartments. The highly perfused peripheral compartment represents organs and tissues with a rich blood supply, such as the liver, kidneys, and lungs. The scarcely perfused peripheral compartment represents tissues with lower blood supply, such as adipose...
Two-Compartment Open Model: Extravascular Administration01:12

Two-Compartment Open Model: Extravascular Administration

The two-compartment model for extravascular administration represents a drug's absorption and distribution process. It features a central compartment, where the drug is first absorbed, and a peripheral compartment, which illustrates the drug's distribution throughout the body. The rate of change in drug concentration in the central compartment is calculated by three exponents: absorption, distribution, and elimination.
The absorption exponent (ka) indicates the speed at which the drug is...
Protein Diffusion in the Membrane01:24

Protein Diffusion in the Membrane

Proteins show rotational as well as lateral diffusion across the membrane. The lateral diffusion of proteins was confirmed through the cell fusion experiment where mouse and human cells were fused, resulting in hybrid cells. When the human and mouse cells fused, the specific membrane proteins on human and mouse cells were marked with the red and green-fluorescent markers, respectively. Initially, the red and green fluorescence was located on the respective hemisphere of the cell. As time...
One-Compartment Open Model for Extravascular Administration: First-Order Absorption Model01:15

One-Compartment Open Model for Extravascular Administration: First-Order Absorption Model

The first-order absorption model for extravascular administration describes the rate at which a drug is absorbed and eliminated, following the principles of first-order kinetics. This model is vital as it provides a mathematical representation of drug behavior within the body. It also allows for the prediction and interpretation of drug absorption and elimination based on the rate of change in drug concentration over time. This model can be visualized as a plasma concentration-time profile...

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Updated: Jun 26, 2026

Molecular Diffusion in Plasma Membranes of Primary Lymphocytes Measured by Fluorescence Correlation Spectroscopy
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Published on: February 1, 2017

Multi-exponential signal decay from diffusion in a single compartment.

Michelle L Milne1, Mark S Conradi

  • 1Department of Physics, Washington University, Compton Hall, Campus Box 1105, One Brookings Drive, Saint Louis, MO 63130, USA. mmilne@physics.wustl.edu

Journal of Magnetic Resonance (San Diego, Calif. : 1997)
|January 6, 2009
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Multi-exponential decays observed in diffusion experiments, often attributed to multiple compartments, can actually arise from diffusion within a single compartment. This finding challenges the interpretation of diffusion data in biological systems.

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Image Processing Protocol for the Analysis of the Diffusion and Cluster Size of Membrane Receptors by Fluorescence Microscopy
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Image Processing Protocol for the Analysis of the Diffusion and Cluster Size of Membrane Receptors by Fluorescence Microscopy

Published on: April 9, 2019

Area of Science:

  • Physics
  • Biophysics
  • Magnetic Resonance Imaging

Background:

  • Diffusion experiments often exhibit multi-exponential signal decays.
  • These decays are commonly interpreted as evidence for multiple distinct compartments containing diffusing spins.
  • This interpretation is prevalent in various scientific fields, including biological systems analysis.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the origin of multi-exponential decays in diffusion experiments.
  • To determine if a single compartment can produce multi-exponential signal decay.
  • To re-evaluate the interpretation of diffusion data in the context of biological systems.

Main Methods:

  • Simulating diffusion within a single cylindrical compartment.
  • Analyzing signal decay over short diffusion times (lightly restricted diffusion).
  • Fitting the simulated decay curves to sums of exponential components.

Main Results:

  • Signal decay in a single cylinder was accurately modeled by a sum of two exponential components.
  • This occurred even though the spins were confined to a single compartment.
  • The findings align with prior theoretical predictions for diffusion in restricted geometries.

Conclusions:

  • Multi-exponential signal decay in diffusion experiments does not necessarily indicate multiple physical compartments.
  • The observed decay patterns can arise from diffusion dynamics within a single compartment.
  • This necessitates a re-evaluation of how diffusion data is interpreted, particularly in biological applications.