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Related Concept Videos

Synthesis and Regulation of Thyroid Hormones01:20

Synthesis and Regulation of Thyroid Hormones

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Low blood levels of the thyroid hormones — triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4) — signal the hypothalamus to release the thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH). TRH then reaches the pituitary gland and stimulates the release of thyroid-stimulating hormone(TSH) into the bloodstream.
Upon reaching the thyroid gland, TSH stimulates the follicular cells' active uptake of iodide ions from the blood. The ions diffuse to the apical surface of the cells and are oxidized to iodine. The...
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Autoimmune Disorders01:29

Autoimmune Disorders

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Autoimmune diseases are a group of disorders in which the body's immune system mistakenly attacks its own cells, tissues, and organs. This results from an overactive immune response against substances and tissues normally present in the body. Let's delve into the concept and mechanism of autoimmune diseases from an immune system point of view, explore different causes and examples of such diseases, and discuss potential solutions.
Concept and Mechanism of Autoimmune Diseases
The immune...
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Functions of Thyroid Hormones01:18

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The thyroid hormone (TH) plays a pivotal role in the intricate orchestration of physiological processes, exerting profound effects on development, metabolism, and homeostasis throughout different life stages.
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The Thyroid Gland01:23

The Thyroid Gland

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The thyroid gland is a small, butterfly-shaped gland located in the neck and covers the anterior surface of the trachea. The gland has two lateral lobes connected by a thin tissue mass called the isthmus. Internally, each lobe comprises many small spherical structures known as thyroid follicles, surrounded by a network of blood vessels.
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Myasthenia gravis is a neuromuscular transmission disorder characterized by weakness and increased fatigability of skeletal muscles. It is an autoimmune disease affecting approximately one in 2000 people, where antibodies against the α1 subunit of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors are produced.
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Teratogenicity01:07

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Related Experiment Videos

Thyroid autoimmunity and miscarriage.

Athina Kaprara1, Gerasimos E Krassas

  • 1Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, "Panagia" General Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece. athkap@yahoo.gr

Hormones (Athens, Greece)
|January 6, 2009
PubMed
Summary

Thyroid autoimmunity, indicated by thyroid autoantibodies, is linked to an increased miscarriage risk. However, antibody levels may not correlate with miscarriage rates, suggesting complex underlying mechanisms.

Area of Science:

  • Reproductive Immunology
  • Endocrinology

Background:

  • Thyroid autoimmunity is a significant concern in reproductive health.
  • Numerous studies have investigated its association with pregnancy outcomes, including miscarriage.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the relationship between thyroid autoimmunity and miscarriage.
  • To explore potential explanations for this association.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of studies involving healthy women, recurrent miscarriage patients, and those undergoing assisted reproductive techniques.

Main Results:

  • Most studies indicate a significant positive association between thyroid autoantibodies and miscarriage.
  • No clear correlation observed between high antibody titers and increased miscarriage risk compared to low titers.

Related Experiment Videos

Conclusions:

  • Thyroid autoimmunity is associated with a higher miscarriage rate.
  • Possible explanations include immune system activation, delayed conception leading to older maternal age, or subtle thyroid hormone dysregulation during pregnancy.