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Related Concept Videos

Determination of Crystal Structures01:29

Determination of Crystal Structures

In the late 1800s, the revelation that light extended beyond visible wavelengths led to the discovery of X-rays by Wilhelm Roentgen. Recognized as high-energy electromagnetic radiation with short wavelengths, X-rays prompted exploration into their interaction with crystals. Max von Laue proposed in 1912 that the periodic arrangement of atoms, ions, or molecules in crystals would cause them to diffract X-rays, a hypothesis confirmed through experiments with copper sulfate and zinc sulfide...
X-ray Crystallography02:18

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The size of the unit cell and the arrangement of atoms in a crystal may be determined from measurements of the diffraction of X-rays by the crystal, termed X-ray crystallography.
Diffraction
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X-ray diffraction or XRD is an analytical tool that utilizes X-rays to study ordered structures such as crystalline organic and inorganic samples, polycrystalline materials, proteins, carbohydrates, and drugs.
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An atomic absorption spectrophotometer (AAS) comprises several components: a radiation source, an atomizer, a monochromator, and a detector. The radiation source can be a hollow-cathode lamp (HCL) or an electrodeless-discharge lamp (EDL), both of which provide a narrow emission line of the required wavelength. However, some instruments use continuum sources and high-resolution monochromators to achieve a narrow range of radiation.
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Applying X-ray Imaging Crystal Spectroscopy for Use as a High Temperature Plasma Diagnostic
06:46

Applying X-ray Imaging Crystal Spectroscopy for Use as a High Temperature Plasma Diagnostic

Published on: August 25, 2016

A short working distance multiple crystal x-ray spectrometer.

B Dickinson1, G T Seidler, Z W Webb

  • 1Department of Physics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA.

The Review of Scientific Instruments
|January 7, 2009
PubMed
Summary

A new short working distance (SWD) multicrystal x-ray spectrometer offers high energy resolution and a large collection solid angle, comparable to multiple spherically bent crystal analyzers (SBCA). This advancement enables efficient high-resolution x-ray emission spectroscopy.

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Area of Science:

  • X-ray spectroscopy
  • Materials science
  • Solid-state physics

Background:

  • Traditional spherically bent crystal analyzers (SBCA) require large working distances for high resolution.
  • Achieving large collection solid angles is crucial for efficient X-ray emission spectroscopy.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop and test a novel short working distance (SWD) multicrystal x-ray spectrometer.
  • To evaluate the performance of SWD spectrometers in terms of energy resolution and collection solid angle.

Main Methods:

  • Construction and testing of a prototype SWD multicrystal x-ray spectrometer.
  • Utilizing a nonfocusing geometry for the analyzer optic.
  • Measurements of Mn Kbeta x-ray emission, resonant inelastic x-ray scattering for MnO, and x-ray absorption near-edge structure for Dy metal.

Main Results:

  • The SWD spectrometer achieves a maximum effective collection solid angle of 0.14 sr.
  • Performance is comparable to 17 SBCA at a 1 m working distance.
  • Good agreement with prior experimental data for various manganese and dysprosium samples.

Conclusions:

  • SWD multicrystal spectrometers provide high energy resolution and large collection solid angles at short working distances.
  • These instruments are complementary to traditional SBCA and offer significant advantages for future applications at advanced light sources.
  • Potential for high-resolution x-ray emission spectroscopy with single pulses from sources like the Linac Coherent Light Source.