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Related Concept Videos

T Cell Activation and Clonal Selection01:22

T Cell Activation and Clonal Selection

T cells are integral to our adaptive immune system, recognizing and effectively responding to foreign antigens. T cell activation and clonal selection are pivotal in orchestrating this immune response. This article elucidates these mechanisms, detailing the roles of cluster of differentiation (CD) markers, major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules, costimulatory signals, and the process of clonal selection.
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Protein synthesis is indispensable for viral replication, as viruses lack the cellular machinery required for this process and must hijack the host's translational apparatus. In response, host cells deploy a critical innate immune defense involving interferons, specialized cytokines that play a central role in inhibiting viral propagation.Upon viral detection, infected cells release interferons that bind to receptors on adjacent uninfected cells, activating the JAK-STAT signaling pathway and...
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NK Cells
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Inhibitors Of Virion Release01:25

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Viral replication and dissemination rely on efficient mechanisms for host cell entry, genome replication, assembly, and release. Influenza viruses, such as types A and B, are negative-sense single-stranded RNA viruses with a segmented genome, that depend on two critical surface glycoproteins to carry out these processes: hemagglutinin (HA) and neuraminidase (NA). HA initiates infection by binding to sialic acid residues on the surface of host epithelial cells, facilitating receptor-mediated...
Eukaryotic Transcription Inhibitors01:52

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 26, 2026

Interview: Glycolipid Antigen Presentation by CD1d and the Therapeutic Potential of NKT cell Activation
18:08

Interview: Glycolipid Antigen Presentation by CD1d and the Therapeutic Potential of NKT cell Activation

Published on: December 31, 2007

Ig-like transcript 4 inhibits lipid antigen presentation through direct CD1d interaction.

Demin Li1, Lili Wang, Li Yu

  • 1Medical Research Council Human Immunology Unit, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Headington, Oxford, UK. demin.li@imm.ox.ac.uk

Journal of Immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950)
|January 7, 2009
PubMed
Summary

Researchers discovered Ig-like transcript 4 (ILT4) as a novel receptor that binds to CD1d molecules, inhibiting Natural Killer T (NKT) cell immune responses. This finding offers new insights into NKT cell regulation.

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Last Updated: Jun 26, 2026

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18:08

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Published on: December 31, 2007

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09:01

Integrate Imaging Flow Cytometry and Transcriptomic Profiling to Evaluate Altered Endocytic CD1d Trafficking

Published on: October 29, 2018

Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Molecular Biology
  • Cell Biology

Background:

  • Natural Killer T (NKT) cells are crucial regulators of immune responses, recognizing lipid antigens presented by CD1d molecules.
  • Understanding the molecular interactions governing NKT cell activation is vital for immune modulation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To identify novel receptors involved in CD1d-mediated immune responses.
  • To investigate the role of Ig-like transcript 4 (ILT4) as a potential CD1d receptor.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized CD1d tetramer binding assays with human peripheral blood monocytes.
  • Investigated the interaction domains between ILT4 and CD1d using cell surface and intracellular localization studies.
  • Performed functional assays to assess the impact of ILT4 on lipid antigen loading and NKT cell recognition.

Main Results:

  • Identified Ig-like transcript 4 (ILT4) as a novel membrane-associated protein that binds to CD1d.
  • Demonstrated that ILT4 mediates the binding of CD1d tetramers to human monocytes.
  • Showed that ILT4 inhibits the loading of lipid antigens (e.g., alpha-GalCer) and consequently impairs NKT cell recognition.

Conclusions:

  • ILT4 acts as an inhibitory receptor for CD1d, modulating NKT cell-mediated immunity.
  • The interaction between ILT4 and CD1d occurs at the cell surface and within endosomal/lysosomal compartments.
  • This discovery provides new molecular insights into the regulation of NKT cell responses and potential therapeutic targets.