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Related Concept Videos

Papillary Dermis01:11

Papillary Dermis

Dermis
The dermis might be considered the "core" of the integumentary system, as distinct from the epidermis and hypodermis. It contains blood and lymph vessels, nerves, and other structures, such as hair follicles and sweat glands. The dermis is made of two layers of connective tissue that comprise an interconnected mesh of elastin and collagenous fibers, produced by fibroblasts.
Papillary Layer
The papillary layer is made of loose, areolar connective tissue, which means the collagen and...
Tumor Progression02:07

Tumor Progression

Tumor progression is a phenomenon where the pre-formed tumor acquires successive mutations to become clinically more aggressive and malignant. In the 1950s, Foulds first described the stepwise progression of cancer cells through successive stages.
Colon cancer is one of the best-documented examples of tumor progression. Early mutation in the APC gene in colon cells causes a small growth on the colon wall called a polyp. With time, this polyp grows into a benign, pre-cancerous tumor. Further...
Tumor Progression02:07

Tumor Progression

Tumor progression is a phenomenon where the pre-formed tumor acquires successive mutations to become clinically more aggressive and malignant. In the 1950s, Foulds first described the stepwise progression of cancer cells through successive stages.
Colon cancer is one of the best-documented examples of tumor progression. Early mutation in the APC gene in colon cells causes a small growth on the colon wall called a polyp. With time, this polyp grows into a benign, pre-cancerous tumor. Further...
Abnormal Proliferation02:23

Abnormal Proliferation

Under normal conditions, most adult cells remain in a non-proliferative state unless stimulated by internal or external factors to replace lost cells. Abnormal cell proliferation is a condition in which the cell's growth exceeds and is uncoordinated with normal cells. In such situations, cell division persists in the same excessive manner even after cessation of the stimuli, leading to persistent tumors. The tumor arises from the damaged cells that replicate to pass the damage to the daughter...
Cellular Adaptation IV: Dysplasia and Metaplasia01:24

Cellular Adaptation IV: Dysplasia and Metaplasia

DysplasiaDysplasia refers to abnormal changes in the size, shape, and organization of mature cells, characterized by pleomorphism, nuclear abnormalities, and increased mitotic activity. It commonly affects epithelial tissues, including the cervix, gastrointestinal tract, respiratory mucosa, and endometrium. Although it may occur alongside hyperplasia, dysplasia is not a true adaptive response but a preneoplastic change with potential to progress to cancer.When confined above the basement...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 26, 2026

In Vivo Inhibition of MicroRNA to Decrease Tumor Growth in Mice
07:02

In Vivo Inhibition of MicroRNA to Decrease Tumor Growth in Mice

Published on: August 23, 2019

An update on papillary microcarcinoma.

Simon Grodski1, Leigh Delbridge

  • 1Monash University Endocrine Surgery Unit, The Alfred Hospital, Melbourne, Australia.

Current Opinion in Oncology
|January 7, 2009
PubMed
Summary

The incidence of papillary microcarcinoma (PMC) is rising globally, largely due to improved detection methods like ultrasound. Current evidence suggests PMC has an excellent prognosis, yet its optimal management remains debated.

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Area of Science:

  • Endocrinology
  • Oncology
  • Pathology

Background:

  • Thyroid cancer incidence is increasing worldwide, with papillary microcarcinoma (PMC) driving this trend.
  • The rise in PMC diagnosis is linked to enhanced detection via thyroid ultrasound and increased histological examination of thyroid specimens.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the clinical significance of papillary microcarcinoma (PMC).
  • To examine the optimal treatment strategies for PMC.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of clinical significance and treatment of PMC.
  • Analysis of recent clinical series with long-term follow-up data.
  • Exploration of novel research in immunohistochemical markers and advanced imaging (e.g., FDG-PET).

Main Results:

  • The increase in PMC diagnosis may be attributed to increased detection rather than a true rise in incidence.
  • Long-term follow-up studies indicate an excellent prognosis for PMC.
  • Research is ongoing to identify markers for more aggressive PMC subtypes.

Conclusions:

  • Papillary microcarcinoma (PMC) incidence has increased due to improved diagnostic techniques.
  • There is a lack of robust evidence for PMC management, though retrospective data show favorable outcomes.
  • Optimal management strategies for PMC, ranging from observation to aggressive treatment, are still under debate.