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Unilateral keratoconus: videokeratography and Orbscan study--optical correction.

Isabel Lema1, Ana Isabel Suárez, Elío Díez-Feijoo

  • 1Instituto Galego de Oftalmoloxía, Escola Universitaria de Optica e Optometría, Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, Spain. mariaisabel.lema@usc.es

Eye & Contact Lens
|January 7, 2009
PubMed
Summary

Unilateral keratoconus (KC) affects 9% of patients, with the affected eye showing increased corneal curvature and reduced thickness. Aspheric rigid gas-permeable contact lenses (CLs) effectively improve vision in KC eyes.

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Area of Science:

  • Ophthalmology
  • Corneal Diseases
  • Vision Science

Background:

  • Keratoconus (KC) is a progressive corneal ectasia.
  • Unilateral presentations of KC are less common but present unique diagnostic and management challenges.
  • Understanding the characteristics of unilateral KC is crucial for timely intervention.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To determine the prevalence of unilateral keratoconus (KC) in a patient cohort.
  • To evaluate the visual acuity and refractive status of KC-affected eyes and their fellow eyes.
  • To assess the efficacy of contact lens (CL) correction in unilateral KC.

Main Methods:

  • A retrospective transverse study analyzed clinical records of 385 KC patients.
  • Identified 35 patients (9%) with unilateral KC.
  • Corneal topography (Placido disk, elevation topographer) and visual acuity (distance and near, pre- and post-correction) were assessed.

Main Results:

  • Unilateral KC eyes exhibited significantly higher central and inferior corneal curvature compared to fellow eyes (P<0.001).
  • Mean thinnest point pachymetry was significantly reduced in KC eyes (411 µm) versus fellow eyes (477 µm) (P<0.0001).
  • Aspheric rigid gas-permeable CLs significantly improved distance and near visual acuity in KC eyes (P<0.0001).

Conclusions:

  • Unilateral KC is characterized by increased corneal curvature and reduced corneal thickness in the affected eye, with contralateral eye changes also noted.
  • Aspheric rigid gas-permeable CLs are effective in improving visual acuity for unilateral KC patients with good tolerance.
  • Early detection and appropriate contact lens fitting are vital for managing unilateral KC.