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Related Concept Videos

Asthma I: Introduction01:28

Asthma I: Introduction

Asthma is a chronic inflammatory disorder of the airways characterized by variable airflow obstruction and heightened bronchial responsiveness to a wide range of triggers. The underlying inflammation leads to airway swelling, mucus hypersecretion, and smooth muscle constriction, all of which narrow the airway lumen and impede airflow. Clinically, asthma presents with recurrent episodes of wheezing, shortness of breath, chest tightness, and coughing, symptoms that typically vary in intensity and...
Asthma-II: Pathophysiology and Classification01:26

Asthma-II: Pathophysiology and Classification

Asthma is a prevalent chronic respiratory condition marked by inflammation and hyperresponsiveness of the airways. Its pathophysiology involves complex interactions among inflammatory pathways, immune responses, and neural mechanisms.
Additionally, environmental and genetic factors play crucial roles in determining an individual's susceptibility to asthma and the severity of their condition.
Critical processes in asthma pathophysiology include:
Allergic Reactions02:06

Allergic Reactions

Overview
Asthma: Pathogenesis and Management01:20

Asthma: Pathogenesis and Management

Asthma is a chronic pulmonary condition involving inflammation of the airways, hyper-reactivity, and reversible obstruction of the airways. This condition can significantly impact a person's quality of life, making breathing difficult and leading to distressing symptoms.
Asthma is classified as allergic and non-allergic. Allergens such as dust mites, pollen, and pet dander trigger allergic asthma, while factors like cold air, intense emotions, or exercise can induce non-allergic asthma.
Allergic Reactions: Anaphylaxis01:30

Allergic Reactions: Anaphylaxis

Anaphylaxis is a severe, life-threatening hypersensitivity reaction mediated by Immunoglobulin E (IgE) antibodies. When IgE binds to allergens, it triggers the release of mediators– histamine, leukotrienes, and prostaglandins from mast cells and basophils. These mediators cause vasodilation, edema, and inflammation, leading to various symptoms.The primary allergens causing anaphylaxis include food items (e.g., peanuts, shellfish), drugs (e.g., penicillin, asparaginase, corticotropin, heparin),...
Drugs Used in Upper Respiratory Disorders: Overview01:16

Drugs Used in Upper Respiratory Disorders: Overview

Upper respiratory tract disorders, including viral infections and allergic rhinitis, cause significant discomfort and disrupt daily life. Managing these conditions involves a variety of drugs, such as antihistamines, intranasal steroids, decongestants, antitussives, expectorants, and mucolytics. Specific examples of drugs in each category are provided.
Antihistamines (e.g., Benadryl) block histamines from binding. Histamines are chemicals released during an allergic reaction in the body. As a...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 26, 2026

Immunofluorescent Labeling in Nasal Mucosa Tissue Sections of Allergic Rhinitis Rats via Multicolor Immunoassay
06:08

Immunofluorescent Labeling in Nasal Mucosa Tissue Sections of Allergic Rhinitis Rats via Multicolor Immunoassay

Published on: September 22, 2023

Allergic and idiopathic rhinitis: an ultrastructural study.

Stephan Knipping1, H J Holzhausen, A Riederer

  • 1Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Martin Luther University Halle Wittenberg, Saale, Germany. stephan.knipping@medizin.uni-halle.de

European Archives of Oto-Rhino-Laryngology : Official Journal of the European Federation of Oto-Rhino-Laryngological Societies (EUFOS) : Affiliated with the German Society for Oto-Rhino-Laryngology - Head and Neck Surgery
|January 7, 2009
PubMed
Summary

Allergic rhinitis (AR) and idiopathic rhinitis (IR) share similar nasal ultrastructural changes, suggesting neurogenic inflammation. Both conditions may benefit from anti-inflammatory therapies.

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Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Pathology
  • Rhinology

Background:

  • Nasal hyperreactivity is a key factor in allergic rhinitis (AR) and idiopathic rhinitis (IR).
  • Understanding pathomorphological changes is crucial for effective treatment strategies.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate ultrastructural differences and similarities in nasal mucosa between AR, IR, and healthy controls.
  • To identify specific pathomorphological markers associated with AR and IR.

Main Methods:

  • Tissue samples were obtained from patients undergoing nasal surgery.
  • Immunocytochemistry was used to detect Substance P (SP), CGRP, and NOS III.
  • Ultrastructural analysis was performed on nasal mucosa.

Main Results:

  • AR and IR exhibited similar ultrastructural findings, indicating neurogenic inflammation via SP and CGRP.
  • Allergic rhinitis showed extensive edema and cellular infiltration.
  • Idiopathic rhinitis did not show evidence of eosinophilic or nitric oxide (NO) involvement.

Conclusions:

  • AR and IR share significant ultrastructural similarities at the sensory nerve fiber level.
  • Findings support the potential efficacy of anti-inflammatory therapies for both AR and IR.