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Related Concept Videos

Chromosome Replication02:31

Chromosome Replication

Before a cell can divide, it must accurately replicate all of its chromosomes, including the DNA and its associated histone and non-histone proteins.  This process begins at numerous origins of replication during the S phase of the cell cycle in each of a cell’s chromosomes simultaneously. Certain nucleotides can act as origins of replication, but these sequences are not well defined - especially in complex, multi-cellular, eukaryotic species. The length of DNA that spans an origin of...
DNA Replication02:40

DNA Replication

DNA replication involves the separation of the two strands of the double helix, with each strand serving as a template from which the new complementary strand is copied.  After replication, each double-stranded DNA includes one parental or “old” strand and one “new” strand. This is known as semiconservative replication. The resulting DNA molecules have the same sequence and are divided equally into the two daughter cells.
Replication in Prokaryotes
DNA replication uses a large number of...
The DNA Replication Fork01:02

The DNA Replication Fork

An organism’s genome needs to be duplicated in an efficient and error-free manner for its growth and survival. The replication fork is a Y-shaped active region where two strands of DNA are separated and replicated continuously. The coupling of DNA unzipping and complementary strand synthesis is a characteristic feature of a replication fork.   Organisms with small circular DNA, such as E. coli, often have a single origin of replication; therefore, they have only two replication forks, one in...
The DNA Replication Fork01:02

The DNA Replication Fork

An organism’s genome needs to be duplicated in an efficient and error-free manner for its growth and survival. The replication fork is a Y-shaped active region where two strands of DNA are separated and replicated continuously. The coupling of DNA unzipping and complementary strand synthesis is a characteristic feature of a replication fork.   Organisms with small circular DNA, such as E. coli, often have a single origin of replication; therefore, they have only two replication forks, one in...
Chromosome Structure02:40

Chromosome Structure

A functional eukaryotic chromosome must contain three elements: a centromere, telomeres, and numerous origins of replication.
The centromere is a DNA sequence that links sister chromatids. This is also where kinetochores, protein complexes to which spindle microtubules attach, are constructed after the chromosome is replicated. The kinetochores allow the spindle microtubules to move the chromosomes within the cell during cell division.
Telomeres consist of non-coding repetitive nucleotide...
Replication in Eukaryotes01:29

Replication in Eukaryotes

In eukaryotic cells, DNA replication is highly conserved and tightly regulated. Multiple linear chromosomes must be duplicated with high fidelity before cell division, so there are many proteins that fulfill specialized roles in the replication process. Replication occurs in three phases: initiation, elongation, and termination, and ends with two complete sets of chromosomes in the nucleus.
Many Proteins Orchestrate Replication at the Origin
Eukaryotic replication follows many of the same...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 26, 2026

Genome-wide Determination of Mammalian Replication Timing by DNA Content Measurement
08:06

Genome-wide Determination of Mammalian Replication Timing by DNA Content Measurement

Published on: January 19, 2017

The relationship between DNA replication and human genome organization.

Anamaria Necsulea1, Claire Guillet, Jean-Charles Cadoret

  • 1Université de Lyon, Lyon, France.

Molecular Biology and Evolution
|January 8, 2009
PubMed
Summary

DNA replication

Area of Science:

  • Genomics
  • Molecular Biology
  • Human Genetics

Background:

  • Assessing DNA replication's impact on eukaryotic genome architecture is challenging due to limited experimental data.
  • Previous computational studies suggested replication significantly influences human gene organization.
  • Experimental validation of replication origin data is crucial for understanding genome structure.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the relationship between experimentally determined DNA replication origins and human genome architecture.
  • To test the hypothesis that replication origins influence gene organization and orientation.
  • To evaluate the impact of replication timing and gene expression on origin distribution.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of 283 experimentally identified DNA replication origins in human HeLa cells.

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Imaging Replicative Domains in Ultrastructurally Preserved Chromatin by Electron Tomography
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Imaging Replicative Domains in Ultrastructurally Preserved Chromatin by Electron Tomography

Published on: May 20, 2022

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 26, 2026

Genome-wide Determination of Mammalian Replication Timing by DNA Content Measurement
08:06

Genome-wide Determination of Mammalian Replication Timing by DNA Content Measurement

Published on: January 19, 2017

Imaging Replicative Domains in Ultrastructurally Preserved Chromatin by Electron Tomography
14:56

Imaging Replicative Domains in Ultrastructurally Preserved Chromatin by Electron Tomography

Published on: May 20, 2022

  • Examination of origins within ENCODE regions, covering 1% of the human genome.
  • Statistical analysis of origin distribution relative to promoter regions, CpG islands, gene orientation, and expression breadth.

    • Main Results:

    • Replication origins are non-randomly distributed, overlapping significantly with promoters and CpG islands.
    • No evidence supports a selective pressure to avoid collisions between replication and transcription polymerases (no gene orientation bias near origins).
    • Gene expression breadth and replication timing do not correlate with distance from origins.

    Conclusions:

    • The impact of DNA replication on human genome organization is less significant than previously suggested.
    • Experimental data refutes the strong influence of replication origins on gene organization and orientation.
    • Further research is needed to fully elucidate the interplay between replication, transcription, and genome structure.