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Updated: Jun 26, 2026
Cooling or Warming the Esophagus to Reduce Esophageal Injury During Left Atrial Ablation in the Treatment of Atrial Fibrillation
Published on: March 15, 2020
Lipiodol and dye at the site of ablation decreases during RFA
Miharu Hirakawa1, Kenji Ikeda, Yusuke Kawamura
1Department of Hepatology, Toranomon Hospital, Tokyo, Japan.
Objectives:
Intrahepatic metastasis is one of the serious complications of radiofrequency ablation (RFA) therapy for hepatocellular carcinoma. The aim of this study was to investigate how liver tissue could be disseminated during the RFA procedure with different devices and protocols in an in vivo porcine model.
Methods:
Three pigs underwent RFA procedures using 2 different devices: needles that could be expanded (LeVeen needle) and those that could not (cool-tip needle). A LeVeen needle was used with a single-step full extension method or a stepwise extension method. Before RFA, a mixture of lipiodol and blue dye was injected intrahepatically into a precoagulated area. After the ablation procedure, the specimen was cut to evaluate the amount of dye remaining in the ablated region and the distribution of the dye outside the ablated area.
Results:
The stepwise extension method resulted in the disappearance of the smallest amount of the dye and lipiodol at the ablation site, compared with the full extension method and cool-tip needle. Dye was found at sites distant from the ablated area in all cases using the cool-tip needle, but in none with the stepwise extension method.
Conclusions:
The stepwise procedure using the expandable needle can reduce tumor cell scattering, which can cause intrahepatic metastasis, compared with other methods.
