Pollinator experience, neophobia and the evolution of flowering time

Jessica Forrest1, James D Thomson

  • 1Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5S 3G5. jessica.forrest@utoronto.ca

Summary

Climate warming drives earlier flowering evolution, but bumble-bees’ neophobia and frequency dependence can hinder this adaptation. Pollinator behavior may prevent plants from evolving flowering times to match environmental changes.

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