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Related Concept Videos

Gastrulation01:56

Gastrulation

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Gastrulation establishes the three primary tissues of an embryo: the ectoderm, mesoderm, and endoderm. This developmental process relies on a series of intricate cellular movements, which in humans transforms a flat, “bilaminar disc” composed of two cell sheets into a three-tiered structure. In the resulting embryo, the endoderm serves as the bottom layer, and stacked directly above it is the intermediate mesoderm, and then the uppermost ectoderm. Respectively, these tissue strata...
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During embryogenesis, cells become progressively committed to different fates through a two-step process: specification followed by determination. Specification is demonstrated by removing a segment of an early embryo, “neutrally” culturing the tissue in vitro—for example, in a petri dish with simple medium—and then observing the derivatives. If the cultured region gives rise to cell types that it would normally generate in the embryo, this means that it is specified. In...
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Positioning the cell division plane is a critical step during development and cell differentiation, particularly during mitosis when the plane is essential for determining the size of the two daughter cells. The cell division plane is perpendicular to the plane of chromosome segregation, but different types of organisms have different cell division mechanisms to suit their morphology and function. 
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Lineage Commitment01:21

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Blastomere Explants to Test for Cell Fate Commitment During Embryonic Development
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Making a commitment: cell lineage allocation and axis patterning in the early mouse embryo.

Sebastian J Arnold1, Elizabeth J Robertson

  • 1Sir William Dunn School of Pathology, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3RE, UK.

Nature Reviews. Molecular Cell Biology
|January 9, 2009
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Early mammalian embryo development involves key genetic pathways controlling cell lineage and axis patterning. Recent research details molecular circuits from blastocyst to gastrulation, with conserved and divergent mechanisms observed in lower vertebrates.

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Area of Science:

  • Developmental biology
  • Molecular genetics
  • Embryology

Background:

  • Early mammalian embryo development is governed by complex genetic signaling pathways.
  • Transcription factors play crucial roles in cell lineage allocation and axis patterning.
  • Understanding these processes is key to developmental biology.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To detail the molecular circuits controlling mammalian embryo development.
  • To investigate cell growth and differentiation from blastocyst to gastrulation.
  • To compare regulatory mechanisms across species.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of genetic studies on early mammalian embryos.
  • Review of recent advances in molecular circuit research.
  • Comparative analysis with studies in lower vertebrates.

Main Results:

  • Identification of key signaling pathways and transcription factors.
  • Detailed understanding of molecular circuits from blastocyst to gastrulation.
  • Insights into germ cell specification and primary germ layer formation.
  • Evidence for conserved and divergent regulatory mechanisms in vertebrates.

Conclusions:

  • Genetic pathways and transcription factors are critical for mammalian embryo development.
  • Molecular circuits precisely control cell growth and differentiation.
  • Comparative studies highlight conserved and divergent evolutionary strategies in axis patterning and lineage allocation.