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In Vitro Scratch Assay to Demonstrate Effects of Arsenic on Skin Cell Migration
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Published on: February 23, 2019

Microbial responses to environmental arsenic.

David Páez-Espino1, Javier Tamames, Víctor de Lorenzo

  • 1Centro Nacional de Biotecnologia CSIC, Campus de Cantoblanco, Madrid, Spain.

Biometals : an International Journal on the Role of Metal Ions in Biology, Biochemistry, and Medicine
|January 9, 2009
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Microbes possess sophisticated arsenic tolerance mechanisms, including the ars operon for arsenite extrusion and respiratory enzymes for arsenic oxidation/reduction. Genetic engineering offers enhanced arsenic accumulation strategies.

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Area of Science:

  • Environmental microbiology
  • Biogeochemistry
  • Bacterial genetics

Background:

  • Microorganisms play a crucial role in the environmental fate and mobility of arsenic.
  • Arsenic toxicity is a significant environmental challenge, necessitating microbial adaptation strategies.
  • Microbial metabolism influences arsenic speciation and its biogeochemical cycling.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review recent advances in the microbial ecology, biochemistry, and molecular biology of arsenic transformations.
  • To highlight bacterial arsenic tolerance mechanisms, focusing on the ars operon.
  • To present examples of genetic engineering for enhanced arsenic accumulation.

Main Methods:

  • Review of recent literature on microbial arsenic metabolism.
  • Analysis of the ars operon's role in arsenic resistance.
  • Examination of microbial enzymes involved in arsenic oxidation (AoxAB) and reduction (ArrAB).
  • Discussion of enzymatic transformations like methylation-demethylation.
  • Case studies on genetic engineering using phytochelatins and metallothionein-like proteins.

Main Results:

  • The ars operon is a primary bacterial mechanism for arsenite extrusion.
  • Microbial respiratory processes involve membrane-associated proteins (AoxAB, ArrAB) for arsenic redox transformations.
  • Enzymatic methylation alters inorganic arsenic to organic forms, impacting its environmental turnover.
  • Genetic engineering approaches show potential for enhanced arsenic accumulation in organisms.

Conclusions:

  • Microbial arsenic metabolism is diverse, involving tolerance, transformation, and redox reactions.
  • Understanding these microbial processes is key to managing arsenic in the environment.
  • Genetic engineering offers novel strategies for bioremediation and arsenic management.