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Immunogold Electron Microscopy

Immunogold Electron Microscopy

Immunoelectron microscopy utilizes immunogold labeling of endogenous proteins with specific antibodies to detect and localize these proteins in cells and tissues. The procedure provides insights into the distribution and quantification of protein under different stimulation conditions offering clues about their functions. Conjugating highly electron-dense gold particles with primary or secondary antibodies allow antigen detection on and within cells, with high resolution and specificity.

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Updated: Jan 10, 2026

Synthesis and Characterization of Amphiphilic Gold Nanoparticles

Synthesis and Characterization of Amphiphilic Gold Nanoparticles

Published on: July 2, 2019

The interaction between casein micelles and gold nanoparticles.

Yan Liu¹, Rong Guo

¹School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225002, PR China.

Journal of Colloid and Interface Science

|January 10, 2009

Summary

Gold nanoparticles (GNPs) bind to casein micelle (CM) surfaces, forming stable conjugates. This interaction is attributed to chemical complexation, not electrostatic forces, preserving CM structure.

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Area of Science:

Colloid and Surface Science
Nanomaterials Science
Biochemistry

Background:

Casein micelles (CM) are the primary structures for calcium- and phosphate-containing proteins in milk.
Gold nanoparticles (GNPs) have diverse applications due to their unique optical and electronic properties.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the interaction between gold nanoparticles (GNPs) and casein micelles (CM) for the first time.
To characterize the resulting GNP-CM conjugates and assess their stability.

Main Methods:

Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) for structural analysis.
UV-visible spectroscopy for optical properties.
Fourier-Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy for chemical interactions.
Fluorescence spectroscopy for molecular changes.

Main Results:

Gold nanoparticles (GNPs) bind to the surface of casein micelles (CM), forming stable GNP-CM conjugates.
The structure of casein micelles (CM) is maintained after conjugation with GNPs.
GNP-CM conjugates exhibit stability across varying salt concentrations and pH levels.
Binding mechanism is likely complexation with carboxylate or amine groups, not electrostatic interaction.

Conclusions:

Gold nanoparticles (GNPs) can be successfully conjugated to casein micelles (CM) while preserving micelle structure.
The interaction involves chemical complexation, suggesting potential for controlled functionalization.
GNP-CM conjugates demonstrate robust stability, indicating suitability for various applications.