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Related Concept Videos

Hierarchy of Motor Control01:18

Hierarchy of Motor Control

The hierarchy of motor control refers to the different levels of organization and processing involved in controlling movement in the body. These levels range from higher cortical areas involved in planning and decision-making to lower spinal cord reflexes that respond automatically to external stimuli.
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Controller Configurations

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Agonists
Agonist muscles, often called prime movers, are the primary muscles responsible for producing a specific movement.

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 26, 2026

Development of a Novel Task-oriented Rehabilitation Program using a Bimanual Exoskeleton Robotic Hand
06:44

Development of a Novel Task-oriented Rehabilitation Program using a Bimanual Exoskeleton Robotic Hand

Published on: May 20, 2020

Bimanual coordination as task-dependent linear control policies.

Jörn Diedrichsen1, Noreen Dowling

  • 1Wolfson Centre for Cognitive and Clinical Neuroscience, School of Psychology, University of Wales, Adeilad Brigantia, Bangor Gwynedd LL57 2AS, UK. j.diedrichsen@bangor.ac.uk

Human Movement Science
|January 10, 2009
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Human coordination adapts motor control strategies for bimanual tasks. This study reveals consistent feedback gains, supporting optimal task-dependent linear control models for intermanual coordination.

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Efficiently Recording the Eye-Hand Coordination to Incoordination Spectrum
07:30

Efficiently Recording the Eye-Hand Coordination to Incoordination Spectrum

Published on: March 21, 2019

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 26, 2026

Development of a Novel Task-oriented Rehabilitation Program using a Bimanual Exoskeleton Robotic Hand
06:44

Development of a Novel Task-oriented Rehabilitation Program using a Bimanual Exoskeleton Robotic Hand

Published on: May 20, 2020

Efficiently Recording the Eye-Hand Coordination to Incoordination Spectrum
07:30

Efficiently Recording the Eye-Hand Coordination to Incoordination Spectrum

Published on: March 21, 2019

Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Motor Control
  • Human Movement Science

Background:

  • Human motor control involves complex coordination between limbs, adapting rapidly to task demands.
  • Previous research indicates task-dependent changes in feedback control and adaptation during bimanual movements.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the underlying assumptions of optimal control theory in bimanual coordination.
  • To test if coordinative motor commands are a linear function of hand states during perturbed bimanual reaching tasks.

Main Methods:

  • Participants performed a bimanual reaching task controlling either two separate cursors or a single shared cursor.
  • One hand was subjected to perturbations using viscous curl fields.
  • Feedback corrections were analyzed across 25 combinations of force fields applied to both hands.

Main Results:

  • Feedback control strategies shifted between independent and dependent control based on whether one or two cursors were manipulated.
  • These shifts persisted even without visual feedback, aligning with optimal control predictions.
  • Feedback gains remained constant across varying force field strengths.

Conclusions:

  • The findings provide strong evidence that intermanual coordination can be accurately modeled using optimal, task-dependent linear feedback gains.
  • This supports the assumption that coordinative motor commands are linear functions of hand states in bimanual tasks.