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Related Concept Videos

Hypersensitivity Reactions: Immune-Complex Reactions01:19

Hypersensitivity Reactions: Immune-Complex Reactions

Type III hypersensitivity reactions occur when antigen–antibody complexes form and activate the complement system. Normally, these complexes help the clearance of antigens by phagocytes and red blood cells. However, when large numbers of immune complexes are present, they can deposit in tissues—particularly in the walls of blood vessels—leading to inflammation and tissue injury. These deposits trigger complement activation and neutrophil recruitment, resulting in serum sickness, a systemic...
Complement System01:27

Complement System

The complement system is a group of approximately 20 plasma proteins that strengthen the body's defenses against infections through opsonization, inflammation, and cell lysis. Opsonization involves coating pathogens with complement proteins, making them more recognizable and facilitating phagocyte engulfment. Certain complement proteins induce inflammation that attracts immune cells to the site of infection. Cell lysis involves the destruction of pathogens through the formation of a membrane...
Rheumatic Heart Disease I: Introduction01:23

Rheumatic Heart Disease I: Introduction

Rheumatic heart disease or RHD is a chronic condition that results from rheumatic fever, causing permanent damage to the heart valves.Etiology and Risk FactorsIt primarily arises from rheumatic fever, an inflammatory disease that can develop after untreated or inadequately treated group A streptococcal (GAS) pharyngitis. Streptococcus spreads through direct contact with oral or respiratory secretions. While the bacteria are the causative agents, factors like malnutrition, overcrowding, poor...
Humoral Immune Responses01:36

Humoral Immune Responses

Overview
Rheumatic Heart Disease II: Clinical Manifestations and Diagnostic Studies01:22

Rheumatic Heart Disease II: Clinical Manifestations and Diagnostic Studies

The key clinical manifestations of Rheumatic heart disease (RHD) include several distinct cardiac symptoms.Carditis, a hallmark of acute rheumatic fever, involves inflammation of the heart's endocardium, myocardium, and pericardium. Chronic RHD often results from recurrent episodes of carditis. Its symptoms include the following:Murmurs are caused by valvular damage, especially to the mitral and aortic valves. Mitral stenosis or regurgitation is common, with characteristic heart murmurs...
Autoimmune Disorders01:29

Autoimmune Disorders

Autoimmune diseases are a group of disorders in which the body's immune system mistakenly attacks its own cells, tissues, and organs. This results from an overactive immune response against substances and tissues normally present in the body. Let's delve into the concept and mechanism of autoimmune diseases from an immune system point of view, explore different causes and examples of such diseases, and discuss potential solutions.
Concept and Mechanism of Autoimmune Diseases
The immune system...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 26, 2026

Imaging Features of Systemic Sclerosis-Associated Interstitial Lung Disease
04:44

Imaging Features of Systemic Sclerosis-Associated Interstitial Lung Disease

Published on: June 16, 2020

[Hypocomplementemia in systemic sclerosis].

G Cuomo1, G Abignano, L Ruocco

  • 1Unità Operativa di Reumatologia, Seconda Università di Napoli, 80130 Napoli, Italia. giovanna.cuomo@unina2.it

Reumatismo
|January 10, 2009
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Hypocomplementemia, or low complement levels, is found in 16.5% of systemic sclerosis (SSc) patients. This finding correlates with increased disease activity, functional disability, and more severe organ involvement in SSc.

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Measuring Erythrocyte Complement Receptor 1 Using Flow Cytometry
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Measuring Erythrocyte Complement Receptor 1 Using Flow Cytometry

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Last Updated: Jun 26, 2026

Imaging Features of Systemic Sclerosis-Associated Interstitial Lung Disease
04:44

Imaging Features of Systemic Sclerosis-Associated Interstitial Lung Disease

Published on: June 16, 2020

Measuring Erythrocyte Complement Receptor 1 Using Flow Cytometry
07:20

Measuring Erythrocyte Complement Receptor 1 Using Flow Cytometry

Published on: May 19, 2020

Area of Science:

  • Rheumatology
  • Immunology
  • Systemic Sclerosis Research

Context:

  • Hypocomplementemia is observed in approximately 15% of systemic sclerosis (SSc) patients.
  • It is a key parameter in the European Scleroderma Study Group (EScSG) activity index.
  • Limited research has explored clinical manifestations linked to hypocomplementemia in SSc.

Purpose:

  • To assess the prevalence of hypocomplementemia in SSc patients.
  • To identify clinical manifestations associated with hypocomplementemia in SSc.

Summary:

  • A study of 302 SSc patients found 16.5% (50 patients) had hypocomplementemia (low C3 and/or C4).
  • Hypocomplementemia significantly correlated with higher EScSG activity index, functional disability (HAQ-DI >0.5), and increased severity across general, skin, vascular, heart, and lung manifestations.

Impact:

  • Confirms hypocomplementemia as a relevant finding in SSc.
  • Highlights the association of hypocomplementemia with disease activity and severity.
  • Suggests hypocomplementemia may serve as a biomarker for disease burden in SSc.