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Related Concept Videos

Esophageal Achalasia01:27

Esophageal Achalasia

Esophageal achalasia is a chronic neurogenic disorder characterized by impaired relaxation of the lower esophageal sphincter (LES) and absent or ineffective peristalsis in the distal esophagus. This leads to a functional obstruction without a physical blockage, despite significant disruption of esophageal motility.EtiologyAchalasia is caused by degeneration of the myenteric (Auerbach's) plexus, specifically the loss of inhibitory ganglion cells that produce vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP)...
Esophagus01:24

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The esophagus, a muscular conduit linking the pharynx and stomach, measures roughly 10 inches (25.4 cm) and sits behind the trachea. It remains collapsed when not swallowing. The esophagus follows a predominantly straight path through the thoracic mediastinum and enters the abdominal cavity through a diaphragmatic opening known as the esophageal hiatus.
The movement of edibles from the pharynx into the esophagus is facilitated by the upper esophageal sphincter, which is formed primarily by the...
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Endoscopic Ultrasound (EUS) and FibroScan are valuable diagnostic tools in gastroenterology and hepatology, each with specific applications and techniques.
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Esophageal Strictures-I: Introduction01:30

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Esophageal strictures involve abnormal narrowing or tightening of the esophagus. They vary in length and severity, ranging from mild constriction to complete obstruction, and are classified as benign (noncancerous) or malignant (cancerous).
Etiology
The primary cause of esophageal strictures is long-standing gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), accounting for about 70 to 80% of adult cases. Chronic acid reflux can lead to injury and scarring of the esophageal lining, culminating in...
Endoscopic Procedures I: Esophagogastroduodenoscopy01:29

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An Esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD) is a diagnostic procedure in which an endoscopist uses a flexible, lighted endoscope to visualize the upper gastrointestinal (GI) tract. The procedure includes visualizing the oropharynx, esophagus, stomach, and the first part of the small intestine, the duodenum.
During an EGD, the endoscope can be used to:
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 26, 2026

Force System with Vertical V-Bends: A 3D In Vitro Assessment of Elastic and Rigid Rectangular Archwires
08:46

Force System with Vertical V-Bends: A 3D In Vitro Assessment of Elastic and Rigid Rectangular Archwires

Published on: July 24, 2018

Axial force measurement for esophageal function testing.

Flemming H Gravesen1, Peter Funch-Jensen, Hans Gregersen

  • 1Mech-Sense, Department of Gastroenterology, Aalborg Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark.

World Journal of Gastroenterology
|January 10, 2009
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Axial force measurement offers a more direct assessment of esophageal transport than traditional manometry. Combining axial force with manometry provides a comprehensive evaluation of esophageal motility disorders.

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Measurement of Maximum Isometric Force Generated by Permeabilized Skeletal Muscle Fibers
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Last Updated: Jun 26, 2026

Force System with Vertical V-Bends: A 3D In Vitro Assessment of Elastic and Rigid Rectangular Archwires
08:46

Force System with Vertical V-Bends: A 3D In Vitro Assessment of Elastic and Rigid Rectangular Archwires

Published on: July 24, 2018

Measurement of Maximum Isometric Force Generated by Permeabilized Skeletal Muscle Fibers
11:30

Measurement of Maximum Isometric Force Generated by Permeabilized Skeletal Muscle Fibers

Published on: June 16, 2015

Area of Science:

  • Gastroenterology
  • Physiology

Background:

  • Esophageal motility disorders are diagnosed using manometry, which measures radial squeeze force.
  • Manometry's focus on radial force may not fully represent the longitudinal bolus transport.
  • Axial force measurement offers a more direct assessment of esophageal transport function.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To highlight the limitations of manometry alone in diagnosing esophageal motility diseases.
  • To present axial force measurement as a complementary diagnostic tool.
  • To outline the advantages of combining axial force and manometry for a comprehensive esophageal function evaluation.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing techniques for axial force recording, including external transducers, in-vivo strain gauges, and electrical impedance measurements.
  • Comparison of axial force and manometry in assessing esophageal function.
  • Analysis of combined axial force and manometry recordings during increased esophageal distension.

Main Results:

  • Axial force measurements provide a more direct assessment of esophageal transport compared to manometry's radial force.
  • Inconsistencies between manometry and actual bolus transit have been observed.
  • Combined axial force and manometry revealed a significantly greater increase in axial force (130%) versus manometry (30%) with increased distension.

Conclusions:

  • Manometry alone may provide incomplete information for diagnosing esophageal motility disorders.
  • Axial force measurement is a reliable and valuable tool for assessing esophageal transport.
  • Combining axial force with manometry offers a more complete and accurate picture of esophageal motility.