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Protocol for Studying Extinction of Conditioned Fear in Naturally Cycling Female Rats
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Cause-specific excess mortality in suicidal patients: gender differences in mortality patterns.

Elfi Antretter1, Dirk Dunkel, Christian Haring

  • 1Unit for Clinical Research and Evaluation, Psychiatric State Hospital Hall, Hall, Austria. elfi.antretter@tilak.at

General Hospital Psychiatry
|January 13, 2009
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Summary

Suicidal patients face higher mortality. While both genders experience increased risk from unnatural causes like suicide, females have a markedly higher suicide risk. Males also show elevated risk from natural causes and substance use disorders.

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Area of Science:

  • Psychiatry
  • Public Health
  • Epidemiology

Background:

  • Excess mortality in suicidal patients is understudied, particularly concerning gender differences.
  • Understanding gender-specific risks is crucial for targeted interventions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the risk of all-cause mortality in male and female patients who have engaged in suicidal behavior.
  • To identify gender-specific patterns in excess mortality among individuals with a history of suicidal behavior.

Main Methods:

  • A cohort of 4140 patients treated for non-fatal suicidal behavior in Austrian hospitals (1989-2001) was followed for up to 17 years.
  • Gender-specific standardized mortality ratios (SMRs) were calculated for all causes of death.
  • Rate ratios were employed to compare gender-specific mortality risks.

Main Results:

  • Males exhibited an increased risk of death from "natural" causes, unlike females.
  • Both male and female suicidal patients had elevated mortality from "unnatural" causes, notably suicide.
  • Female patients demonstrated a substantially higher risk of suicide compared to males.
  • Mortality associated with substance use disorders was significantly elevated in both genders.

Conclusions:

  • The study highlights significant gender disparities in the excess mortality experienced by suicidal patients.
  • These findings underscore the critical need for gender-specific research and tailored psychiatric care for individuals with suicidal behavior.