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Updated: Jun 26, 2026

An Ex vivo Model to Study Hormone Action in the Human Breast
Published on: January 8, 2015
Scaffolding actions of membrane-associated progesterone receptors
Christy R Hagan1, Emily J Faivre, Carol A Lange
1Department of Medicine and Women's Cancer Program, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States.
Abstract:
Progesterone is an ovarian steroid hormone that is essential for normal breast development. The actions of progesterone are largely mediated through binding to its cognate steroid hormone receptor, the progesterone receptor (PR). PR isoforms exist in the nucleus and transcriptionally activate genes necessary for proliferation and survival (classical role). Cytoplasmic or membrane-associated PR exists in the cytoplasm where it participates in protein complexes with signaling molecules and other steroid hormone receptors capable of rapid activation of cytoplasmic protein kinase cascades. This review details the extra nuclear scaffolding actions of PR with c-Src and MEK1, the upstream components of MAP kinase modules.
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