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The Vestibular System

The Vestibular System

The vestibular system is a set of inner ear structures that provide a sense of balance and spatial orientation. This system is comprised of structures within the labyrinth of the inner ear, including the cochlea and two otolith organs—the utricle and saccule. The labyrinth also contains three semicircular canals—superior, posterior, and horizontal—that are oriented on different planes.

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 26, 2026

Measuring the Influence of Magnetic Vestibular Stimulation on Nystagmus, Self-Motion Perception, and Cognitive Performance in a 7T MRT

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The vestibular evoked myogenic potential: a test-retest reliability study.

Leen Maes¹, Bart M Vinck, Eddy De Vel

¹Ghent University, Faculty of Medicine, ENT-Department, De Pintelaan 185, (2P1) B-9000 Ghent, Belgium. LeenK.Maes@Ugent.be

Clinical Neurophysiology : Official Journal of the International Federation of Clinical Neurophysiology

|January 13, 2009

Summary

This study shows that using a blood pressure manometer as feedback for vestibular evoked myogenic potential (VEMP) testing provides reliable results. This method is a practical alternative when precise background electromyography (EMG) monitoring isn't possible.

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Published on: August 30, 2019

Area of Science:

Neuroscience
Audiology
Vestibular System

Background:

Vestibular evoked myogenic potentials (VEMPs) are crucial for assessing vestibular and ocular motor function.
Accurate VEMP recording typically requires precise monitoring of background electromyography (EMG).
Clinical settings may lack advanced equipment for EMG monitoring, necessitating alternative methods.

Purpose of the Study:

To evaluate the reliability of VEMP responses using only a feedback mechanism for background EMG monitoring.
To determine if a simple feedback method can yield dependable VEMP parameters in a clinical context.

Main Methods:

Sixty-one healthy subjects underwent within-session reliability tests, with 14 retested after one week for between-session reliability.
VEMPs were elicited using 500 Hz tone bursts.
Subjects sat with heads turned, using a blood pressure manometer cuff for chin pressure as feedback for sternocleidomastoid (SCM) muscle contraction.

Main Results:

The feedback method produced VEMP latency and amplitude values consistent with existing literature.
Excellent reliability (ICC 0.78–0.96) was observed for P1 and N1 latency, threshold, and interpeak amplitude.
Good reliability (ICC 0.65–0.68) was found for the asymmetry ratio, despite higher coefficient of variation values.

Conclusions:

Unilateral SCM muscle contraction, controlled via feedback, yields reliable VEMP parameters.
This feedback-assisted method provides a dependable clinical alternative for VEMP assessment when sophisticated EMG monitoring is unavailable.