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Related Concept Videos

Micelles01:30

Micelles

Micelle formation is an intricate process that hinges on the properties of amphiphilic or amphipathic molecules and the conditions of the system in which they are found. Amphiphilic molecules, which have both hydrophilic (water-attracting) and hydrophobic (water-repelling) parts, play a critical role in this process.In aqueous environments, these molecules arrange themselves such that their hydrophilic heads are turned towards the water phase, while their hydrophobic tails are oriented away...
Anionic Chain-Growth Polymerization: Mechanism01:04

Anionic Chain-Growth Polymerization: Mechanism

The mechanism for anionic chain-growth polymerization involves initiation, propagation, and termination steps. In the initiation step, a nucleophilic anion, such as butyl lithium, initiates the polymerization process by attacking the π bond of the vinylic monomer. As a result, a carbanion, stabilized by the electron‐withdrawing group, is generated. The resulting carbanion acts as a Michael donor in the propagation step and attacks the second vinylic monomer, which acts as a Michael acceptor.
Cationic Chain-Growth Polymerization: Mechanism00:57

Cationic Chain-Growth Polymerization: Mechanism

The cationic polymerization mechanism consists of three steps: initiation, propagation, and termination. In the initiation step of the polymerization process, the π bond of a monomer gets protonated by the Lewis acid catalyst, which is formed from boron trifluoride and water. The protonation of the π bond generates a carbocation stabilized by the electron‐donating group. In the propagation step, the π bond of the second monomer acts as a nucleophile and attacks the generated carbocation,...
Polymer Classification: Crystallinity01:21

Polymer Classification: Crystallinity

Unlike ionic or small covalent molecules, polymers do not form crystalline solids due to the diffusion limitations of their long-chain structures. However, polymers contain microscopic crystalline domains separated by amorphous domains.
Crystalline domains are the regions where polymer chains are aligned in an orderly manner and held together in proximity by intermolecular forces. For example, chains in the crystalline domains of polyethylene and nylon are bound together by van der Waals...
Anionic Chain-Growth Polymerization: Overview01:20

Anionic Chain-Growth Polymerization: Overview

The polymerization process that involves carbanion as an intermediate is called anionic polymerization. It is also a type of addition or chain-growth polymerization. Anionic polymerization gets initiated by a strong nucleophile such as an organolithium or a Grignard reagent. The most commonly used initiator for anionic polymerization is butyl lithium. Monomers involved in anionic polymerization must possess a vinyl group bonded to one or two electron-withdrawing groups. For instance,...

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Updated: Jun 26, 2026

Synthesis of Monodisperse Cylindrical Nanoparticles via Crystallization-driven Self-assembly of Biodegradable Block Copolymers
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Synthesis of Monodisperse Cylindrical Nanoparticles via Crystallization-driven Self-assembly of Biodegradable Block Copolymers

Published on: June 20, 2019

Complex and hierarchical micelle architectures from diblock copolymers using living, crystallization-driven

Torben Gädt1, Nga Sze Ieong, Graeme Cambridge

  • 1School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TS, UK.

Nature Materials
|January 13, 2009
PubMed
Summary

This study introduces a novel method using epitaxial crystallization of metalloblock copolymers to create complex micelle structures. This technique allows for the precise fabrication of hierarchical and advanced polymer architectures.

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Synthesis of Monodisperse Cylindrical Nanoparticles via Crystallization-driven Self-assembly of Biodegradable Block Copolymers
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Facile Synthesis of Worm-like Micelles by Visible Light Mediated Dispersion Polymerization Using Photoredox Catalyst
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Area of Science:

  • Polymer Chemistry
  • Materials Science
  • Nanotechnology

Background:

  • Block copolymers are polymers with distinct segments linked covalently.
  • In selective solvents, block copolymers form core-corona micelle structures.
  • Controlling micelle architecture is crucial for advanced material applications.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a synthetic strategy for generating complex and hierarchical micelle architectures.
  • To utilize living polymerizations driven by epitaxial crystallization for precise structure control.
  • To explore the formation of novel block copolymer assemblies.

Main Methods:

  • Employing living polymerizations driven by the epitaxial crystallization of a core-forming metalloblock.
  • Using platelet micelles as initiators for scarf-like architectures.
  • Fabricating brushes of cylindrical micelles on crystalline homopolymer substrates.
  • Utilizing heteroepitaxial growth for complex block copolymer formations.

Main Results:

  • Demonstrated the formation of complex and hierarchical micelle architectures from diblock copolymers.
  • Achieved scarf-like architectures with controlled cylindrical micelle tassel lengths.
  • Successfully fabricated brushes of cylindrical micelles on a crystalline homopolymer substrate.
  • Illustrated the formation of tri- and pentablock architectures with specific connections via heteroepitaxial growth.

Conclusions:

  • Living polymerizations driven by epitaxial crystallization are a powerful tool for creating advanced micelle structures.
  • This method enables precise control over the hierarchical assembly of block copolymers.
  • The findings open new avenues for designing functional materials with tailored nanostructures.