Search research articles

ABOUT JoVE

Overview Leadership Blog JoVE Help Center

AUTHORS

Publishing Process Editorial Board Scope & Policies Peer Review FAQ Submit

LIBRARIANS

Testimonials Subscriptions Access Resources Library Advisory Board FAQ

RESEARCH

JoVE Journal Methods Collections JoVE Encyclopedia of Experiments Archive

EDUCATION

JoVE Core JoVE Business JoVE Science Education JoVE Lab Manual Faculty Resource Center Faculty Site

Terms & Conditions of Use

Related Concept Videos

Regulation of Food Intake

Regulation of Food Intake

Short-term regulation of food intake primarily involves neural signals from the gastrointestinal (GI) tract, blood nutrient levels, and GI tract hormones. Communication between the gut and brain via vagal nerve fibers plays a significant role in evaluating the contents of the gut. Clinical studies have shown that protein ingestion produces a more prolonged response in these nerve fibers compared to an equivalent amount of glucose. Additionally, the activation of stretch receptors caused by GI...

Hormonal Regulation

Hormonal Regulation

Hormones regulate a significant portion of digestion through activation of the neuroendocrine system. The neuroendocrine system of digestion contains many different hormones all with multiple functions that are both, directly and indirectly, involved in digestion.

Neural Regulation

Neural Regulation

Digestion begins with a cephalic phase that prepares the digestive system to receive food. When our brain processes visual or olfactory information about food, it triggers impulses in the cranial nerves innervating the salivary glands and stomach to prepare for food.

Gastric Emptying

Gastric Emptying

Gastric emptying occurs when the stomach gradually releases chyme into the duodenum. When the stomach is distended, it triggers the release of gastrin, a hormone that promotes gastric acid secretion to aid in digestion. Additionally, stomach distension contributes to peristaltic waves that propel gastric contents toward the pyloric region. The gastroenteric reflex, on the other hand, primarily stimulates peristalsis in the intestines, facilitating the movement of contents further along the...

Intestinal Phase of Digestion

Intestinal Phase of Digestion

The intestinal phase of digestion is the third and final stage of the digestive process, occurring after the cephalic and gastric phases. It begins when chyme, a partially digested mixture of food and digestive enzymes, enters the small intestine from the stomach. This phase is crucial for nutrient absorption and involves complex hormonal and enzymatic interactions.
The arrival of the chyme in the small intestine distends the duodenum, which triggers the enterogastric reflex. This distension...

Drugs Affecting GI Tract Motility: Serotonin Receptor Agonists

Drugs Affecting GI Tract Motility: Serotonin Receptor Agonists

Serotonin, a crucial neurotransmitter synthesized by enterochromaffin cells, plays a cardinal role in regulating gastrointestinal (GI) motility. With over 90% of the body's total serotonin in the GI tract, its influence on digestive processes is profound. Serotonin is swiftly released upon various stimuli, such as food boluses or certain drugs, triggering intrinsic sensory neurons in the myenteric plexus and extrinsic vagal and spinal sensory neurons. This leads to the activation of the...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by

Same author

Age and outcomes in people with type 2 diabetes admitted to hospital with COVID-19: A cohort study.

Diabetic medicine : a journal of the British Diabetic Association·2024

Same author

Treatment of Obesity with Thyroid hormones in Europe. Data from the THESIS* Collaboration.

Journal of endocrinological investigation·2024

Same author

A retrospective observational study of people with Type 1 diabetes with self-reported severe hypoglycaemia reveals high level of ambulance attendance but low levels of therapy change and specialist intervention.

Diabetic medicine : a journal of the British Diabetic Association·2018

Same author

Glucagon and GLP-1 inhibit food intake and increase c-fos expression in similar appetite regulating centres in the brainstem and amygdala.

International journal of obesity (2005)·2013

Same author

Subcutaneous oxyntomodulin analogue administration reduces body weight in lean and obese rodents.

International journal of obesity (2005)·2010

Same author

The effects of various peptides on human isolated gut muscle.

The Journal of pharmacy and pharmacology·1992

Search research articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 26, 2026

Real-time Analysis of Gut-brain Neural Communication: Cortex wide Calcium Dynamics in Response to Intestinal Glucose Stimulation

Real-time Analysis of Gut-brain Neural Communication: Cortex wide Calcium Dynamics in Response to Intestinal Glucose Stimulation

Published on: December 29, 2023

Gastrointestinal satiety signals.

O B Chaudhri¹, B C T Field, S R Bloom

¹Department of Investigative Science, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital, London, UK.

International Journal of Obesity (2005)

|January 13, 2009

Summary

Obesity is a global health crisis with limited treatments. Understanding gut hormones like peptide YY and glucagon-like peptide-1 offers new avenues for anti-obesity therapies.

Area of Science:

Endocrinology
Neuroscience
Metabolic Research

Background:

Obesity presents significant global health challenges, including high morbidity, mortality, and socioeconomic costs.
Current medical therapies for obesity lack substantial and sustainable weight loss efficacy.
Effective anti-obesity strategies necessitate a deeper understanding of appetite regulation mechanisms.

Purpose of the Study:

To review current knowledge on gastrointestinal peptide hormones involved in appetite regulation.
To explore the actions of these hormones on central appetite circuits in the brain.
To discuss future research and development prospects for anti-obesity therapies based on these hormonal pathways.

Main Methods:

Literature review of studies on peptide hormones and appetite regulation.

More Related Videos

A RAPID Method for Blood Processing to Increase the Yield of Plasma Peptide Levels in Human Blood

A RAPID Method for Blood Processing to Increase the Yield of Plasma Peptide Levels in Human Blood

Published on: April 28, 2016

Studying Food Reward and Motivation in Humans

Studying Food Reward and Motivation in Humans

Published on: March 19, 2014

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 26, 2026

Real-time Analysis of Gut-brain Neural Communication: Cortex wide Calcium Dynamics in Response to Intestinal Glucose Stimulation

Real-time Analysis of Gut-brain Neural Communication: Cortex wide Calcium Dynamics in Response to Intestinal Glucose Stimulation

Published on: December 29, 2023

A RAPID Method for Blood Processing to Increase the Yield of Plasma Peptide Levels in Human Blood

A RAPID Method for Blood Processing to Increase the Yield of Plasma Peptide Levels in Human Blood

Published on: April 28, 2016

Studying Food Reward and Motivation in Humans

Studying Food Reward and Motivation in Humans

Published on: March 19, 2014

Analysis of research on gastrointestinal hormones including peptide YY, pancreatic polypeptide, glucagon-like peptide-1, and oxyntomodulin.

Examination of findings related to hormone actions on brain appetite circuits.

Main Results:

Peptide hormones from the gastrointestinal tract are recognized as key physiological regulators of appetite.
Hormones such as peptide YY, pancreatic polypeptide, glucagon-like peptide-1, and oxyntomodulin function as postprandial satiety signals.
These hormonal pathways represent a promising foundation for developing novel anti-obesity treatments.

Conclusions:

Further research into the mechanisms of appetite regulation by gut hormones is crucial.
Targeting these physiological pathways holds potential for effective and sustainable obesity management.
Understanding hormone-brain interactions is key for advancing anti-obesity therapeutic development.