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Related Concept Videos

Heart Failure V: Medical Management01:30

Heart Failure V: Medical Management

Medical Management of Acute Decompensated Heart Failure (ADHF)The primary goals of therapy for patients hospitalized with acute decompensated heart failure (ADHF) include:Relieving symptomsOptimizing volume statusSupporting oxygenation and ventilationMaintaining cardiac output (CO) and end-organ perfusionIdentifying and addressing the cause of ADHFPreventing complicationsProviding patient education on factors precipitating HF exacerbationPlanning for dischargeOngoing monitoring and assessment...
Pathophysiology of Heart Failure01:17

Pathophysiology of Heart Failure

Heart failure (HF) is a progressive syndrome involving ventricles that leads to inadequate cardiac output. It can be classified based on location and output or ejection fraction. Ejection fraction (EF) is an essential measurement in the diagnosis and surveillance of HF. Reduced EF corresponds to systolic heart failure (HFrEF). However, HF with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) is becoming increasingly prevalent. Also known as diastolic HF, this form of HF is related to aging. The...
Heart Failure II: Pathophysiology01:29

Heart Failure II: Pathophysiology

Systolic Heart Failure and Compensatory MechanismsSystolic heart failure (also termed HFrEF, Heart Failure with Reduced Ejection Fraction) is the most prevalent type of heart filure. It results in a decreased volume of blood being pumped from the ventricle. The aortic arch and carotid sinuses have baroreceptors that detect reduced blood pressure, triggering the sympathetic nervous system (SNS) to release epinephrine and norepinephrine. Initially, this response aims to boost heart rate and...
Heart Failure IV: Classification and Diagnostic Evaluation01:30

Heart Failure IV: Classification and Diagnostic Evaluation

Heart failure can be classified in various ways, with the most common classifications based on physical activity limitations, disease progression, severity, and treatment strategies.The Functional Classification of Heart Failure divides patients into four categories based on physical activity limitation due to symptom burden.Class I: Patients in this class have cardiac disease but no physical activity limitations. Ordinary activities like walking, climbing stairs, or routine tasks do not cause...
Heart Failure Drugs: Inotropic Agents01:26

Heart Failure Drugs: Inotropic Agents

Positive inotropic agents are commonly used as the first line of treatment for heart failure. One such agent is digoxin, derived from the genus Digitalis, which has been known for centuries but effectively utilized since 1785. However, these cardiac glycosides can have potentially toxic effects due to their mechanism of action, which involves inhibiting Na+/K+-ATPase and increasing contractility. Digoxin is absorbed orally and distributed in various tissues, including the CNS. It has a long...
Pulse rhythm01:30

Pulse rhythm

Pulse rhythm refers to the pattern of pulsations within specific intervals, offering valuable insights into the regularity or irregularity of the heart's beats as observed through the pattern of pulsation within specific intervals. A regular pulse exhibits a consistent heart rate with uniform waveforms and pulsation force, variations of which can be classified as normal, weak, or bounding.
Conversely, an irregular pulse pattern is termed dysrhythmia, stemming from disruptions in cardiac muscle...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 26, 2026

A Pacing-Controlled Procedure for the Assessment of Heart Rate-Dependent Diastolic Functions in Murine Heart Failure Models
07:49

A Pacing-Controlled Procedure for the Assessment of Heart Rate-Dependent Diastolic Functions in Murine Heart Failure Models

Published on: July 21, 2023

[Rate versus rhythm control with and without heart failure].

Florian Straube1, Uwe Dorwarth, Sabine Janko

  • 1Klinik für Kardiologie und internistische Intensivmedizin, Klinikum München-Bogenhausen, Städtisches Klinikum München GmbH, Englschalkinger Strasse 77, 81925 München. florian.straube@web.de

Herz
|January 13, 2009
PubMed
Summary

Treating atrial fibrillation in heart failure patients presents challenges. Current guidelines suggest rate or rhythm control, with symptom improvement guiding the choice, as mortality benefits were similar in major trials.

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Benefits of Cardiac Resynchronization Therapy in an Asynchronous Heart Failure Model Induced by Left Bundle Branch Ablation and Rapid Pacing
12:45

Benefits of Cardiac Resynchronization Therapy in an Asynchronous Heart Failure Model Induced by Left Bundle Branch Ablation and Rapid Pacing

Published on: December 11, 2017

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 26, 2026

A Pacing-Controlled Procedure for the Assessment of Heart Rate-Dependent Diastolic Functions in Murine Heart Failure Models
07:49

A Pacing-Controlled Procedure for the Assessment of Heart Rate-Dependent Diastolic Functions in Murine Heart Failure Models

Published on: July 21, 2023

Benefits of Cardiac Resynchronization Therapy in an Asynchronous Heart Failure Model Induced by Left Bundle Branch Ablation and Rapid Pacing
12:45

Benefits of Cardiac Resynchronization Therapy in an Asynchronous Heart Failure Model Induced by Left Bundle Branch Ablation and Rapid Pacing

Published on: December 11, 2017

Area of Science:

  • Cardiology
  • Electrophysiology
  • Heart Failure Management

Context:

  • Atrial fibrillation (AF) and congestive heart failure (CHF) frequently coexist, creating complex therapeutic scenarios.
  • Managing AF in CHF patients requires careful consideration of underlying disease and thromboembolic risk.
  • Current guidelines offer two primary AF treatment strategies: rate control and rhythm control.

Purpose:

  • To outline the distinct therapeutic approaches for atrial fibrillation in patients with and without heart failure.
  • To review the evidence supporting rate and rhythm control strategies for AF in the context of CHF.
  • To guide clinical decision-making based on patient symptoms and treatment efficacy.

Summary:

  • Major trials, including AF-CHF, found no significant mortality difference between rate and rhythm control for AF in heart failure patients.
  • Therapeutic decisions should prioritize symptom management and quality of life, with rate control for asymptomatic patients or after rhythm control failure.
  • Catheter ablation shows promise for AF rhythm control in heart failure patients, with ongoing research and randomized trials.
  • Rhythm control is recommended as first-line therapy for recent-onset or highly symptomatic AF, regardless of heart failure status.

Impact:

  • Informs clinical practice regarding AF management in complex heart failure patients.
  • Highlights the importance of individualized treatment strategies based on patient-specific symptoms and response.
  • Supports further research into advanced therapies like catheter ablation for AF in heart failure.