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Related Concept Videos

Cooperative Binding of Transcription Regulators02:13

Cooperative Binding of Transcription Regulators

Transcriptional regulators bind to specific cis-regulatory sequences in the DNA to regulate gene transcription. These cis-regulatory sequences are very short, usually less than ten nucleotide pairs in length. The short length means that there is a high probability of the exact same sequence randomly occurring throughout the genome.  Since regulators can also bind to groups of similar sequences, this further increases the chances of random binding. Transcriptional regulators form dimers that...
Cooperative Binding of Transcription Regulators02:13

Cooperative Binding of Transcription Regulators

Transcriptional regulators bind to specific cis-regulatory sequences in the DNA to regulate gene transcription. These cis-regulatory sequences are very short, usually less than ten nucleotide pairs in length. The short length means that there is a high probability of the exact same sequence randomly occurring throughout the genome.  Since regulators can also bind to groups of similar sequences, this further increases the chances of random binding. Transcriptional regulators form dimers that...
Ligand Binding and Linkage00:49

Ligand Binding and Linkage

Allosteric proteins have more than one ligand binding site; the binding of a ligand to any of these sites influences the binding of ligands to the other sites. When a protein is allosteric, its binding sites are called coupled or linked.  In the case of enzymes, the site that binds to the substrate is known as the active site and the other site is known as the regulatory site. When a ligand binds to the regulatory site, this leads to conformational changes in the protein that can influence the...
Ligand Binding and Linkage00:49

Ligand Binding and Linkage

Allosteric proteins have more than one ligand binding site; the binding of a ligand to any of these sites influences the binding of ligands to the other sites. When a protein is allosteric, its binding sites are called coupled or linked.  In the case of enzymes, the site that binds to the substrate is known as the active site and the other site is known as the regulatory site. When a ligand binds to the regulatory site, this leads to conformational changes in the protein that can influence the...
Allosteric Proteins-ATCase01:19

Allosteric Proteins-ATCase

Binding sites linkages can regulate a protein's function.  For example, enzyme activity is often regulated through a feedback mechanism where the end product of the biochemical process serves as an inhibitor.
Aspartate transcarbamoylase (ATCase) is a cytosolic enzyme that catalyzes the condensation of L-aspartate and carbamoyl phosphate to  N-carbamoyl-L-aspartate. This reaction is the first step in pyrimidine biosynthesis. UTP and CTP, the end products of the pyrimidine synthesis pathway,...
Catenins01:23

Catenins

Catenins are characterized by multiple binding domains and dynamic structures that allow them to function as linker proteins in cell junction complexes. All catenins, except α-catenin, contain a characteristic protein sequence called the armadillo repeat and are therefore also called armadillo proteins.
Catenins in Cell Junctions
Catenins bind to cell adhesion molecules such as cadherins and link them to different cytoskeletal proteins depending on the type of cell junction. At the adherens...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 26, 2026

HOX Loci Focused CRISPR/sgRNA Library Screening Identifying Critical CTCF Boundaries
10:10

HOX Loci Focused CRISPR/sgRNA Library Screening Identifying Critical CTCF Boundaries

Published on: March 31, 2019

CCCTC-binding factor: to loop or to bridge.

J Zlatanova1, P Caiafa

  • 1Department of Molecular Biology, University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY 82071, USA. jordanka@uwyo.edu

Cellular and Molecular Life Sciences : CMLS
|January 13, 2009
PubMed
Summary

The CCCTC-binding factor (CTCF) protein is a master organizer of the eukaryotic genome. It forms loops within chromosomes and bridges DNA on different chromosomes, highlighting its crucial role in chromatin organization.

Area of Science:

  • Genomics
  • Molecular Biology
  • Cell Biology

Background:

  • Eukaryotic genomes exhibit complex spatial organization within the nucleus.
  • The precise factors and mechanisms governing this nuclear organization remain largely unknown.
  • The CCCTC-binding factor (CTCF) protein is a key candidate involved in genome organization.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To summarize the evidence supporting CTCF's role as a master genome organizer.
  • To elucidate the mechanisms by which CTCF influences genome architecture.
  • To highlight the significance of CTCF binding sites in chromatin organization.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature and experimental evidence.
  • Analysis of genome-wide localization studies for CTCF.

More Related Videos

Exploring Sequence Space to Identify Binding Sites for Regulatory RNA-Binding Proteins
11:34

Exploring Sequence Space to Identify Binding Sites for Regulatory RNA-Binding Proteins

Published on: August 9, 2019

CRISPR-Mediated Reorganization of Chromatin Loop Structure
09:20

CRISPR-Mediated Reorganization of Chromatin Loop Structure

Published on: September 14, 2018

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 26, 2026

HOX Loci Focused CRISPR/sgRNA Library Screening Identifying Critical CTCF Boundaries
10:10

HOX Loci Focused CRISPR/sgRNA Library Screening Identifying Critical CTCF Boundaries

Published on: March 31, 2019

Exploring Sequence Space to Identify Binding Sites for Regulatory RNA-Binding Proteins
11:34

Exploring Sequence Space to Identify Binding Sites for Regulatory RNA-Binding Proteins

Published on: August 9, 2019

CRISPR-Mediated Reorganization of Chromatin Loop Structure
09:20

CRISPR-Mediated Reorganization of Chromatin Loop Structure

Published on: September 14, 2018

  • Examination of CTCF's ability to form DNA loops (cis) and bridges (trans).

    • Main Results:

    • CTCF is a ubiquitous protein with a significant role in organizing the genome.
    • CTCF facilitates the formation of DNA loops within individual chromosomes.
    • CTCF can also mediate interactions between DNA sequences on different chromosomes.
    • Genome-wide studies reveal numerous CTCF binding sites, supporting its organizational function.

    Conclusions:

    • CTCF is a critical determinant of higher-order chromatin structure.
    • The distribution and function of CTCF binding sites are essential for genome organization.
    • CTCF acts as a master regulator, orchestrating the spatial arrangement of the genome within the nucleus.