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Related Concept Videos

Imaging Studies VI: Voiding Cystourethrography and Cystography01:22

Imaging Studies VI: Voiding Cystourethrography and Cystography

Voiding Cystourethrography (VCUG) and Cystography are specialized radiographic procedures used to examine the structure and function of the bladder and urethra.Voiding Cystourethrography (VCUG)A Voiding Cystourethrogram (VCUG) is a diagnostic imaging procedure that assesses the anatomy and function of the lower urinary tract. It focuses on the bladder, bladder neck, and urethra, helping detect abnormalities such as vesicoureteral reflux (VUR)—the backward or reverse flow of urine into the...
Urologic Endoscopic Procedure: Cystoscopic Examination01:28

Urologic Endoscopic Procedure: Cystoscopic Examination

Meaning of Cystoscopic Examination:Cystoscopy is an essential diagnostic tool in urology that is used to assess the structure and function of the genitourinary system. It provides a direct view of the urethra, bladder, and, in some cases, the ureteral openings. This procedure helps detect structural abnormalities, infections, cancers, and blockages in the urinary tract. There are two types of cystoscopy:Flexible cystoscopy is commonly performed in outpatient settings due to its less invasive...
Urinary Bladder01:23

Urinary Bladder

The urinary bladder is a hollow, muscular sac that temporarily stores urine before it is expelled from the body. It can hold approximately 600 mL of urine prior to micturition. The bladder is retroperitoneal and located behind the pubic symphysis in the pelvic floor.
In males, the bladder is situated in front of the rectum, while in females, it is positioned anterior to the vagina and uterus. The bladder floor contains an inverted triangular area called the trigone, defined by the two ureteric...
Imaging Studies II: Ultrasonography01:24

Imaging Studies II: Ultrasonography

IntroductionUltrasonography, or renal ultrasound, is a noninvasive medical imaging technique that uses high-frequency sound waves to visualize the kidneys, ureters, bladder, and surrounding tissues.Indications for Urinary System UltrasonographyUrinary system ultrasonography is indicated in various clinical scenarios, such as:Kidney Stones (Urolithiasis): To detect and monitor the size and presence of kidney or urinary tract stones.Hydronephrosis: To assess the dilation of the renal pelvis and...
The Micturition Reflex01:26

The Micturition Reflex

Urination, or micturition involves the coordination of the bladder's detrusor muscle and two sphincters to ensure controlled bladder emptying.
The process begins with bladder filling, where the bladder wall stretches as urine accumulates. This stretching activates the urine storage reflex, mediated by the sacral spinal segments and the pontine storage center. Efferent sympathetic impulses stimulate the detrusor muscle to relax and the internal urethral sphincter to contract, facilitating urine...
Flail Chest-II01:26

Flail Chest-II

Managing flail chest, a condition characterized by a segment of the chest wall moving independently from the rest of the thoracic cage, requires a comprehensive approach. It includes a thorough assessment of the patient's condition, a diagnostic evaluation to determine the extent of the injury, and the implementation of appropriate medical interventions tailored to the individual's needs.
Assessment:
1. Clinical Evaluation:
History:

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 26, 2026

Evaluation of Biomaterials for Bladder Augmentation using Cystometric Analyses in Various Rodent Models
10:19

Evaluation of Biomaterials for Bladder Augmentation using Cystometric Analyses in Various Rodent Models

Published on: August 9, 2012

Cystosufflation to prevent bladder injury.

Katherine A O'Hanlan1

  • 1Gynecologic Oncology Associates, Portola Valley, California 94028, USA. kate.ohanlanmd@gmail.com

Journal of Minimally Invasive Gynecology
|January 14, 2009
PubMed
Summary

Cystosufflation, using carbon dioxide to inflate the bladder, safely delineates margins during laparoscopic surgery. This technique prevents bladder injury in patients with challenging anatomy and adhesions.

Area of Science:

  • Minimally Invasive Surgery
  • Gynecologic Oncology
  • Urology

Background:

  • Laparoscopic dissections near the bladder can be challenging due to scarring, adhesions, or difficult anatomy.
  • Identifying bladder margins is crucial to prevent inadvertent injury during gynecologic procedures.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the safety and efficacy of cystosufflation for delineating bladder margins during laparoscopic surgery.
  • To assess the utility of carbon dioxide bladder inflation in complex cases.

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective chart review of 1004 patients undergoing laparoscopic hysterectomy or support procedures (1996-2008).
  • Cystosufflation (bladder inflation with CO2 via catheter) was performed in 173 patients with challenging anatomy or adhesions.
  • Canadian Task Force level III evidence.

More Related Videos

Evaluating the Procedure for Performing Awake Cystometry in a Mouse Model
09:31

Evaluating the Procedure for Performing Awake Cystometry in a Mouse Model

Published on: May 20, 2017

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 26, 2026

Evaluation of Biomaterials for Bladder Augmentation using Cystometric Analyses in Various Rodent Models
10:19

Evaluation of Biomaterials for Bladder Augmentation using Cystometric Analyses in Various Rodent Models

Published on: August 9, 2012

Evaluating the Procedure for Performing Awake Cystometry in a Mouse Model
09:31

Evaluating the Procedure for Performing Awake Cystometry in a Mouse Model

Published on: May 20, 2017

Main Results:

  • Cystosufflation safely facilitated dissection of the bladder from surrounding structures.
  • Bladder distention clearly identified muscular margins, preventing bladder injury in all cases.
  • No urologic complications were reported.

Conclusions:

  • Cystosufflation is a well-tolerated and effective technique for preventing cystotomy during laparoscopic procedures.
  • This method enhances surgical safety in patients with difficult pelvic anatomy.