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Mitochondria

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Mitochondria are eukaryotic cellular organelles that are known to produce energy through a process called oxidative phosphorylation. Besides their primary function, mitochondria are involved in various cellular processes, including cell growth, differentiation, signaling, metabolism, and senescence. Age-related changes cause a decline in mitochondrial quality and integrity due to increased mitochondrial mutations and oxidative damage. Thus, aging can severely impact mitochondrial functions,...

Mitochondrial Membranes

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A single mitochondrion is a bean-shaped organelle enclosed by a double-membrane system. The outer membrane of mitochondria is smooth and contains many porins - the integral membrane transporters. Porins enable free diffusion of ions and small uncharged molecules through the outer mitochondrial membrane but limit the transport of molecules larger than 5000 Daltons. Further, the outer mitochondrial membrane forms a unique structure called membrane contact sites with other subcellular organelles,...

Electron Transport Chain: Complex I and II

Electron Transport Chain: Complex I and II

The mitochondrial electron transport chain (ETC) is the main energy generation system in the eukaryotic cells. However, mitochondria also produce cytotoxic reactive oxygen species (ROS) due to the large electron flow during oxidative phosphorylation. While Complex I is one of the primary sources of superoxide radicals, ROS production by Complex II is uncommon and may only be observed in cancer cells with mutated complexes.
ROS generation is regulated and maintained at moderate levels necessary...

Adaptive Mechanisms in Cancer Cells

Adaptive Mechanisms in Cancer Cells

Cancer cells accumulate genetic changes at an abnormally rapid rate due to the defects in the DNA repair mechanisms. From an evolutionary perspective, such genetic instability is advantageous for cancer development. Mutant cell lines accumulate a series of beneficial mutations that contribute to their progression into cancer.
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Adaptive Mechanisms in Cancer Cells

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Cancer cells accumulate genetic changes at an abnormally rapid rate due to the defects in the DNA repair mechanisms. From an evolutionary perspective, such genetic instability is advantageous for cancer development. Mutant cell lines accumulate a series of beneficial mutations that contribute to their progression into cancer.
Some of the advantages that cancer cells have on normal cells include - enhanced ability to divide without terminally differentiating, induce new blood vessel formation,...

Mitochondrial Membranes

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A single mitochondrion is a bean-shaped organelle enclosed by a double-membrane system. The outer membrane of mitochondria is smooth and contains many porins - the integral membrane transporters. Porins enable free diffusion of ions and small uncharged molecules through the outer mitochondrial membrane but limit the transport of molecules larger than 5000 Daltons. Further, the outer mitochondrial membrane forms a unique structure called membrane contact sites with other subcellular organelles,...

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Updated: May 27, 2026

Transmitochondrial Cybrid Generation Using Cancer Cell Lines

Transmitochondrial Cybrid Generation Using Cancer Cell Lines

Published on: March 17, 2023

Mitochondrial dynamics and cancer.

Stéphanie Grandemange¹, Sébastien Herzig, Jean-Claude Martinou

¹Department of Cell Biology, University of Geneva, Switzerland.

Seminars in Cancer Biology

|January 14, 2009

Summary

Mitochondrial dynamics, involving fusion and fission, are crucial for cell function. This review explores their links to metabolism, autophagy, apoptosis, and cancer development.

Area of Science:

Cell Biology
Biochemistry
Oncology

Background:

Mitochondrial morphology is maintained by continuous fusion and fission.
While fission and fusion machinery are well-studied, their physiological roles remain unclear.
Mitochondrial dynamics are vital for normal cellular function.

Purpose of the Study:

To review the physiological roles of mitochondrial dynamics.
To explore the connections between mitochondrial dynamics and cellular metabolism, autophagy, and apoptosis.
To discuss the implications of altered mitochondrial dynamics in cancer.

Main Methods:

Literature review of recent findings on mitochondrial dynamics.
Analysis of studies linking mitochondrial dynamics to cellular processes.

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Discussion of evidence for mitochondrial dynamics' role in tumorigenesis.

Main Results:

Evidence suggests strong links between mitochondrial dynamics and cellular metabolism.
Mitochondrial dynamics are associated with autophagy and apoptosis.
Altered mitochondrial dynamics are observed in cancer cells, impacting key cellular processes.

Conclusions:

Mitochondrial dynamics play a significant role in regulating fundamental cellular processes.
Dysregulation of mitochondrial dynamics contributes to cancer development.
Further research into mitochondrial dynamics is essential for understanding and treating cancer.