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Related Concept Videos

Role of Hippocampus in Memory01:19

Role of Hippocampus in Memory

The hippocampus, a critical brain structure, plays an essential role in memory processing, particularly in the formation and retrieval of memory. This small, seahorse-shaped region is located within the medial temporal lobe, with one hippocampus in each brain hemisphere. Experimental studies involving lesions in the hippocampi of rats have demonstrated significant impairments in tasks such as object recognition and maze navigation, indicating the hippocampus involvement in both recognition and...
Neuroplasticity01:01

Neuroplasticity

Neuroplasticity reflects the brain's remarkable capacity to adapt and evolve, responding dynamically to learning, experiences, or injury by reorganizing its neural circuitry. This reorganization involves creating new neural connections and refining old ones through a series of biological processes that contribute to the brain's lifelong development and adaptability.
Alzheimer Disease ll: Pathophysiology01:23

Alzheimer Disease ll: Pathophysiology

Alzheimer disease involves structural changes in the brain that begin long before symptoms appear. The most distinctive features are extracellular neuritic plaques and intracellular neurofibrillary tangles.Neuritic plaques form in the cerebral cortex and around blood vessels. These plaques contain a dense core of beta-amyloid (Aβ)—a toxic protein fragment that clumps outside neurons. The core is surrounded by damaged neuronal extensions, as well as reactive astrocytes and microglia. Abnormal...
Neurogenesis and Regeneration of Nervous Tissue01:15

Neurogenesis and Regeneration of Nervous Tissue

In the CNS, neurogenesis, the birth of new neurons from stem cells, is limited to the hippocampus in adults. In other regions of the brain and spinal cord, neurogenesis is almost non-existent due to inhibitory influences from neuroglia, especially oligodendrocytes, and the absence of growth-stimulating cues. The myelin produced by oligodendrocytes in the CNS inhibits neuronal regeneration. Furthermore, astrocytes proliferate rapidly after neuronal damage, forming scar tissue that physically...
Aging01:26

Aging

Aging is a complex biological phenomenon influenced by various processes that affect cellular and systemic functions. Several prominent theories attempt to explain its mechanisms, highlighting cellular limitations, oxidative damage, and hormonal changes as central factors in aging.
Cellular Clock Theory
The cellular clock theory posits that the human lifespan is closely tied to the finite capacity of cells to divide, a phenomenon governed by telomeres, which are protective caps at the ends of...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 26, 2026

Investigating Long-term Synaptic Plasticity in Interlamellar Hippocampus CA1 by Electrophysiological Field Recording
14:27

Investigating Long-term Synaptic Plasticity in Interlamellar Hippocampus CA1 by Electrophysiological Field Recording

Published on: August 11, 2019

Stem-cell-associated structural and functional plasticity in the aging hippocampus.

Sebastian Jessberger1, Fred H Gage

  • 1Institute of Cell Biology, Department of Biology, ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland. jessberger@cell.biol.ethz.ch

Psychology and Aging
|January 15, 2009
PubMed
Summary

Aging impacts cognitive function, particularly memory, due to changes in the hippocampus. However, the aged brain retains plasticity, offering a potential target to prevent cognitive decline and promote successful aging.

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08:58

Minimizing Hypoxia in Hippocampal Slices from Adult and Aging Mice

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Gerontology
  • Cognitive Science

Background:

  • Aging commonly causes cognitive decline, affecting quality of life and increasing healthcare costs.
  • Neural circuitries undergo age-dependent structural and functional changes.
  • The hippocampus is crucial for learning and memory, and its function declines with age.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review age-dependent alterations in the hippocampus and its associated cognitive decline.
  • To explore the potential of brain plasticity in mitigating age-related cognitive impairment.

Main Methods:

  • This is a review article, synthesizing existing research on aging, the hippocampus, and neural plasticity.
  • Focuses on analyzing age-related changes in hippocampal structure and function.
  • Examines evidence for plasticity in the aged brain.

Main Results:

  • Aging leads to significant reductions in hippocampus-dependent learning and memory functions.
  • Despite age-related decline, the aged brain demonstrates considerable neural plasticity.
  • Plasticity involves the interaction of neural structure, function, and experience.

Conclusions:

  • Understanding age-associated brain changes is key to improving successful aging.
  • Boosting or recruiting neural plasticity presents a promising strategy to counteract age-related cognitive decline.
  • Targeting plasticity may help prevent cognitive impairment and associated comorbidities in older adults.