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Factors Affecting Solubility

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 26, 2026

Optimized Procedure for Determining the Adsorption of Phosphonates onto Granular Ferric Hydroxide using a Miniaturized Phosphorus Determination Method

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Published on: May 18, 2018

Phase transformations, ion-exchange, adsorption, and dissolution processes in aquatic fluorapatite systems.

Asa Bengtsson¹, Andrei Shchukarev, Per Persson

¹Department of Chemistry, Umeå University, Sweden. asa.bengtsson@chem.umu.se

Langmuir : the ACS Journal of Surfaces and Colloids

|January 15, 2009

Summary

A synthetic fluorapatite forms a surface layer during dialysis, releasing significant fluoride. This process is modeled using surface complexation, revealing ion exchange and pH-dependent fluoride adsorption mechanisms.

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Optimized Procedure for Determining the Adsorption of Phosphonates onto Granular Ferric Hydroxide using a Miniaturized Phosphorus Determination Method

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Synthesis and Exfoliation of Discotic Zirconium Phosphates to Obtain Colloidal Liquid Crystals

Synthesis and Exfoliation of Discotic Zirconium Phosphates to Obtain Colloidal Liquid Crystals

Published on: May 25, 2016

Area of Science:

Materials Science
Surface Chemistry
Environmental Science

Background:

Synthetic fluorapatite (FAP) preparation and characterization.
Understanding surface transformations in apatite materials.
Role of surface chemistry in fluoride release.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the phase transformation of synthetic fluorapatite during dialysis.
To develop a surface complexation model for the transformed FAP.
To elucidate the mechanisms of fluoride release and pH alteration.

Main Methods:

X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS) for surface composition analysis.
Potentiometric titration and zeta-potential measurements for surface charge.
Batch experiments to determine solubility products and ion exchange.

Main Results:

Formation of a Ca9(HPO4)2(PO4)4F2 surface layer via proton-calcium exchange.
Determination of the solubility product for the new surface phase.
Identification of F/OH ion exchange and fluoride adsorption impacting pHiep.

Conclusions:

The developed surface complexation model accurately describes FAP behavior.
Fluoride release is surface area-dependent, with potential environmental implications.
Proton and fluoride adsorption significantly influence surface charge and pH in FAP systems.