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Related Concept Videos

Reversible and Irreversible Processes01:14

Reversible and Irreversible Processes

The thermodynamic processes can be classified into reversible and irreversible processes. The processes that can be restored to their initial state are called reversible processes. It is only possible if the process is in quasi-static equilibrium, i.e., it takes place in infinitesimally small steps, and the system remains at equilibrium However, these are ideal processes and do not occur naturally. An ideal system undergoing a reversible process is always in thermodynamic equilibrium within...
The Entropy as a State Function01:14

The Entropy as a State Function

Consider an arbitrary process that moves between two specific states (A and B) in a cyclic manner. This process is reversible and broken down into smaller parts that each follow a Carnot cycle. A Carnot cycle has two isothermal (constant temperature) processes. During these processes, the ratio of the amount of heat transferred to their respective temperature remains constant. The other two processes in the Carnot cycle are also reversible but adiabatic, which means they occur without any heat...
Entropy01:18

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The first law of thermodynamics is quantitatively formulated via an equation relating the internal energy of a system, the heat exchanged by it, and the work done on it. A quantitative formulation of the second law of thermodynamics leads to defining a state function, the entropy.
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Entropy02:39

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Salt particles that have dissolved in water never spontaneously come back together in solution to reform solid particles. Moreover, a gas that has expanded in a vacuum remains dispersed and never spontaneously reassembles. The unidirectional nature of these phenomena is the result of a thermodynamic state function called entropy (S). Entropy is the measure of the extent to which the energy is dispersed throughout a system, or in other words, it is proportional to the degree of disorder of a...
Entropy and the Second Law of Thermodynamics01:26

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Consider an isolated system in which a hot object is placed in contact with a cold one. This is an irreversible process that eventually leads both objects to reach the same equilibrium temperature. It is crucial to note that the constituents of any substance exhibit increased disorder at higher temperatures. As a cold substance absorbs heat, its constituents become more disordered. The energy transfer from a hotter object to a cooler one increases the system's disorder or randomness. This...
Entropy and the Second Law of Thermodynamics01:20

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The second law of thermodynamics can be stated quantitatively using the concept of entropy. Entropy is the measure of disorder of the system.
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Measuring Biomolecular DSC Profiles with Thermolabile Ligands to Rapidly Characterize Folding and Binding Interactions
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Connecting irreversible to reversible aggregation: time and temperature.

S Corezzi1, C De Michele, E Zaccarelli

  • 1CNR-INFM Polylab, CNR-INFM Polylab, Largo Pontercorvo 3, I-56127 Pisa, Italy.

The Journal of Physical Chemistry. B
|January 15, 2009
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Elapsed time in irreversible gel formation correlates with temperature in reversible aggregation for patchy particles. This allows a unified, parameter-free understanding of self-assembly kinetics in loopless branched systems.

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Area of Science:

  • Soft Matter Physics
  • Materials Science
  • Computational Chemistry

Background:

  • Patchy particles are model systems for self-assembly.
  • Understanding gel formation and self-assembly kinetics is crucial for materials design.
  • Distinguishing between reversible and irreversible aggregation processes is key.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the self-assembly kinetics of ellipsoidal patchy particles forming gels.
  • To correlate time-dependent irreversible aggregation with equilibrium temperature in reversible aggregation.
  • To develop a unified, parameter-free model for self-assembly kinetics.

Main Methods:

  • Molecular dynamics simulations were employed.
  • A model system of ellipsoidal patchy particles with varying functionality was simulated.
  • The simulations focused on a system disfavoring bond-loop formation.

Main Results:

  • Elapsed time in irreversible aggregation was formally correlated with equilibrium temperature in reversible aggregation.
  • A parameter-free description of self-assembly kinetics was developed.
  • Reversible and irreversible aggregation of loopless branched systems were unified under one understanding.

Conclusions:

  • The study provides a unified framework for understanding self-assembly kinetics in branched systems.
  • The findings offer a parameter-free approach to predict gel formation and self-assembly behavior.
  • This work advances the understanding of equilibrium polymerization and network formation in soft matter.