Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Histone Variants at the Centromere02:30

Histone Variants at the Centromere

Histone variants are the histone proteins with structural and sequence variations. These variants may be regarded as “mutant” forms that replace their canonical histone counterparts in the nucleosomes. Specific post-translational modifications on the histone variants enable further chromatin complexity and regulate tissue-specific gene expression. The most common histone variants are from histone H2A, H2B, and linker histone H1 families. However, several variants of histone H3 variants are also...
Multiple Allele Traits01:49

Multiple Allele Traits

The Concept of Multiple Allelism
Diversity of Antigen Receptors01:28

Diversity of Antigen Receptors

Antigen receptors are essential components of the immune system crucial in defending the body against foreign invaders. These receptors are present on the surface of B and T cells, enabling them to recognize antigens and mount an appropriate immune response.
Before encountering any antigen, lymphocytes express these receptors. On B cells, the antigen receptor is a membrane-bound antibody molecule called BCR; on T cells, it is a T cell receptor or TCR. B and T cell receptors are composed of two...
Immunoglobulin-like Cell Adhesion Molecules01:31

Immunoglobulin-like Cell Adhesion Molecules

Immunoglobulin-like cell adhesion molecules or Ig-CAMs are a versatile group of cell surface glycoproteins belonging to the immunoglobulin protein superfamily. Ig-CAMs possess the characteristic immunoglobulin protein domains and other domains such as the fibronectin type III domain. The Ig domains are glycosylated to varying degrees in different Ig-CAMs.
Ig-CAMs exhibit either homophilic binding (to other Ig-CAMs) or heterophilic binding (to other ligands such as integrins). While most Ig-CAMs...
Genetic Variation01:25

Genetic Variation

Genetic variation is the diversity in DNA sequences found among individuals of the same species. This diversity is crucial for a species' survival because it helps organisms adapt to environmental changes. Genetic variation begins with fertilization, where an egg and sperm cell merge. Each of these cells carries 23 chromosomes, up to 46 in the fertilized egg. Chromosomes are long DNA strands that contain genes, the basic units of heredity.
Genes exist in different versions called alleles, which...
Genome-wide Association Studies-GWAS01:11

Genome-wide Association Studies-GWAS

Genome-wide association studies or GWAS are used to identify whether common SNPs are associated with certain diseases. Suppose specific SNPs are more frequently observed in individuals with a particular disease than those without the disease. In that case, those SNPs are said to be associated with the disease. Chi-square analysis is performed to check the probability of the allele likely to be associated with the disease.
GWAS does not require the identification of the target gene involved in...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Corrigendum to 'A national-scale preliminary overview study of poly- and perfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) occurrence in aquatic environments of England, UK' [Chemosphere 394 (2026) 144804].

Chemosphere·2026
Same author

A silent hazard-noise in the veterinary sector: a scoping review.

Occupational medicine (Oxford, England)·2026
Same author

A national-scale preliminary overview study of poly- and perfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) occurrence in aquatic environments of England, UK.

Chemosphere·2025
Same author

Erratum: Lymphopenia-induced lymphoproliferation drives activation of naive T cells and expansion of regulatory populations.

iScience·2025
Same author

The chromatin landscape of high-grade serous ovarian cancer metastasis identifies regulatory drivers in post-chemotherapy residual tumour cells.

Communications biology·2024
Same author

A new certified reference material IAEA-465 for radionuclides in Baltic Sea sediment.

Journal of environmental radioactivity·2024

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 26, 2026

High-resolution Melting PCR for Complement Receptor 1 Length Polymorphism Genotyping: An Innovative Tool for Alzheimer's Disease Gene Susceptibility Assessment
07:26

High-resolution Melting PCR for Complement Receptor 1 Length Polymorphism Genotyping: An Innovative Tool for Alzheimer's Disease Gene Susceptibility Assessment

Published on: July 18, 2017

Ethnic variability in human leukocyte antigen-E haplotypes.

A Antoun1, S Jobson, M Cook

  • 1Institute for Cancer Studies, Medical School, Birmingham University, Birmingham, UK. a.antoun@bham.ac.uk

Tissue Antigens
|January 15, 2009
PubMed
Summary

Human leukocyte antigen-E (HLA-E) is a crucial molecule for immune responses. This study identified two key polymorphic sites in the HLA-E gene, with significant variations observed across different ethnic groups in the UK.

More Related Videos

Personalized Peptide Arrays for Detection of HLA Alloantibodies in Organ Transplantation
08:07

Personalized Peptide Arrays for Detection of HLA Alloantibodies in Organ Transplantation

Published on: September 6, 2017

An Allele-specific Gene Expression Assay to Test the Functional Basis of Genetic Associations
10:17

An Allele-specific Gene Expression Assay to Test the Functional Basis of Genetic Associations

Published on: November 3, 2010

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 26, 2026

High-resolution Melting PCR for Complement Receptor 1 Length Polymorphism Genotyping: An Innovative Tool for Alzheimer's Disease Gene Susceptibility Assessment
07:26

High-resolution Melting PCR for Complement Receptor 1 Length Polymorphism Genotyping: An Innovative Tool for Alzheimer's Disease Gene Susceptibility Assessment

Published on: July 18, 2017

Personalized Peptide Arrays for Detection of HLA Alloantibodies in Organ Transplantation
08:07

Personalized Peptide Arrays for Detection of HLA Alloantibodies in Organ Transplantation

Published on: September 6, 2017

An Allele-specific Gene Expression Assay to Test the Functional Basis of Genetic Associations
10:17

An Allele-specific Gene Expression Assay to Test the Functional Basis of Genetic Associations

Published on: November 3, 2010

Area of Science:

  • Immunogenetics
  • Molecular Anthropology

Background:

  • Human leukocyte antigen-E (HLA-E) is a nonclassical major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class Ib molecule.
  • HLA-E functions as a ligand for NKG2A/B/C receptors on natural killer (NK) and T cells.
  • The evolutionary conservation of HLA-E makes its polymorphism significance unclear.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate HLA-E gene polymorphism in three UK ethnic groups.
  • To generate population data on HLA-E variations.
  • To identify reliable polymorphic sites within the HLA-E coding region.

Main Methods:

  • Developed a polymerase chain reaction-sequence-specific primer (PCR-SSP) method for HLA-E single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) identification.
  • Analyzed genotype distribution and allele frequencies of nine published SNPs in genomic DNA.
  • Studied 223 Euro-Caucasians, 60 Afro-Caribbeans, and 52 Asians.

Main Results:

  • Seven previously reported SNPs were found to be non-polymorphic.
  • Nucleotide positions 1114 and 1446 were confirmed as polymorphic.
  • Significant differences in genotype frequencies at nucleotide position 1114 were observed among the three ethnic groups.

Conclusions:

  • This study establishes reliable polymorphic sites within the HLA-E gene.
  • Presents the first population frequencies for nine HLA-E SNPs across three major UK ethnic groups.
  • Data are crucial for understanding HLA-E's role in clinical contexts like transplantation and autoimmune diseases.