Cardiac safety of the surface application of the stinger s200

Electronic Control Devices (ECDs) have been developed as less-lethal devices that law enforcement officers can use to control potentially violent subjects, as an alternative to using firearms. These devices apply high voltage, low amperage, pulsatile shocks to the subject, which causes involuntary skeletal muscle contraction and renders the subject unable to further resist. In field use of these devices, the electric shock is often applied to the thorax, which raises the issue of the cardiac safety of these devices. The present study evaluates the cardiac safety of the application of one such device to the torso of experimental animals.