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Related Concept Videos

Gene-Environment Interactions01:20

Gene-Environment Interactions

Gene expression is a dynamic process that is significantly influenced by environmental factors. This interaction underlies the complex nature of biological development and the phenotypic differences observed among individuals, even among those with identical genetic makeups. Factors such as radiation, temperature, behavior, nutrition, and stress play pivotal roles in determining how genes are expressed. The concept of the reaction range is central to understanding this interaction. It posits...
Genetic Variation01:25

Genetic Variation

Genetic variation is the diversity in DNA sequences found among individuals of the same species. This diversity is crucial for a species' survival because it helps organisms adapt to environmental changes. Genetic variation begins with fertilization, where an egg and sperm cell merge. Each of these cells carries 23 chromosomes, up to 46 in the fertilized egg. Chromosomes are long DNA strands that contain genes, the basic units of heredity.
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Evolution of Microbial Genome01:08

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Microbial genome evolution is a highly dynamic process shaped by continual gene gain and loss across species and strains. This genomic flexibility allows microorganisms to adapt rapidly to environmental pressures and interactions with other organisms. Central to understanding this diversity is the distinction between the core and pan genomes.The core genome comprises the genes shared by all sampled strains of a species, representing essential functions needed for fundamental cellular processes.
Gene Evolution - Fast or Slow?02:05

Gene Evolution - Fast or Slow?

The genomes of eukaryotes are punctuated by long stretches of sequence which do not code for proteins or RNAs. Although some of these regions do contain crucial regulatory sequences, the vast majority of this DNA serves no known function. Typically, these regions of the genome are the ones in which the fastest change, in evolutionary terms, is observed, because there is typically little to no selection pressure acting on these regions to preserve their sequences.
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Comparing Copy Number Variations and SNPs02:26

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Sequencing of the human genome has opened up several best-kept secrets of the genome. Scientists have identified thousands of genome variations that exist within a population. These variations can be a single nucleotide or a larger chromosomal variation.
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While every living organism has a genome of some kind (be it RNA, or DNA), there is considerable variation in the sizes of these blueprints. One major factor that impacts genome size is whether the organism is prokaryotic or eukaryotic. In prokaryotes, the genome contains little to no non-coding sequence, such that genes are tightly clustered in groups or operons sequentially along the chromosome. Conversely, the genes in eukaryotes are punctuated by long stretches of non-coding sequence.

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Updated: Jun 26, 2026

Following the Dynamics of Structural Variants in Experimentally Evolved Populations
04:52

Following the Dynamics of Structural Variants in Experimentally Evolved Populations

Published on: February 3, 2023

Developmental and environmental variation in genomes.

X-Q Li1

  • 1Potato Research Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, New Brunswick, Canada. Xiu-Qing.Li@AGR.GC.CA

Heredity
|January 15, 2009
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Organism genomes can change during development, not just through mutation. Environmentally induced and developmentally regulated genomic variation (ED-genomic variation) plays a key role in adaptation and development.

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Screening for Functional Non-coding Genetic Variants Using Electrophoretic Mobility Shift Assay (EMSA) and DNA-affinity Precipitation Assay (DAPA)
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Area of Science:

  • Genetics
  • Developmental Biology
  • Evolutionary Biology

Background:

  • Genetic makeup is typically fixed at fertilization.
  • Conventional understanding excludes developmental genome changes unless mutations occur.
  • Emerging evidence highlights significant genomic variation during development.

Purpose of the Study:

  • Review variations in genome size or DNA content during development.
  • Explore environmentally induced and developmentally regulated genomic variation (ED-genomic variation).
  • Discuss the implications of ED-genomic variation for inheritance and adaptation.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on genomic variation.
  • Analysis of processes generating variation: recombination, transposition, gene amplification, repetitive-sequence changes.
  • Examination of factors influencing ED-genomic variation: developmental stage, environmental cues.

Main Results:

  • Genomic variation arises from processes like recombination, transposition, and gene amplification.
  • ED-genomic variation affects both coding and non-coding sequences.
  • Inheritance patterns are often non-Mendelian, with both Mendelian and acquired inheritance observed.
  • Environmental factors (light, temperature, salinity) and developmental factors (propagation, seed position) influence variation.

Conclusions:

  • ED-genomic variation is crucial for differentiation, development, and adaptation.
  • Traditional terms like 'pure-breeding line' may be context-dependent.
  • Modern molecular tools are essential for comprehensive evaluation of ED-genomic variation.