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Related Concept Videos

Subcellular Fractionation01:32

Subcellular Fractionation

The homogenate obtained after cell lysis contains various membrane-bound organelles that can be further separated into pure fractions by subcellular fractionation. These isolates are used to study specific cellular components, analyze localized protein activity, and are even employed in diagnostics. Fractionation is typically achieved using centrifugation methods, the most common being density-gradient and differential centrifugation.
Differential Centrifugation
Differential centrifugation is...
Capillary Electrophoresis: Applications01:30

Capillary Electrophoresis: Applications

Capillary electrophoretic separations offer various modes, each with unique applications. These modes include capillary zone electrophoresis, capillary gel electrophoresis, capillary array electrophoresis, capillary isoelectric focusing, capillary isotachophoresis, micellar electrokinetic chromatography, and capillary electrochromatography.
Capillary zone electrophoresis (CZE) separates ionic components based on their electrophoretic mobility. It has been used to separate proteins, amino acids,...
Distillation: Vapor–Liquid Equilibria01:01

Distillation: Vapor–Liquid Equilibria

Distillation is a separation technique that takes advantage of the boiling point properties of disparate elements in a mixture. To perform distillation, we begin by heating a miscible mixture of two liquids with a significant difference in boiling points (at least 20°C). As the solution heats up and reaches the bubble point of the more volatile component, some molecules of the more volatile component transition into the gas phase and travel upward into the condenser, which is a glass tube with...
Centrifugation01:05

Centrifugation

Centrifugation is a separation technique based on differences in density or size. It is commonly used to separate solids from aqueous interferents. During centrifugation, the sample is placed in centrifugation tubes and spun at high angular velocity, which allows centrifugal force to act differentially on the different densities or masses of the components. After spinning, the supernatant liquid is decanted. Depending on the specific application, either the pellet or the supernatant is retained...
Overview Of Cell Separation And Isolation01:20

Overview Of Cell Separation And Isolation

Cell separation was first achieved in 1964 by S. H. Seal, who separated large tumor cells from the smaller blood cells using filtration. Two years later, Pohl and Hawk performed experiments on how cells respond differently to a nonuniform electric field based on the cell type. Such observations were the inception of cell separation methods, which allow isolating a single cell type from a heterogeneous sample.
Downstream Processing01:29

Downstream Processing

Downstream processing begins once fermentation is complete and involves a series of steps to recover and purify products such as acids, vitamins, antibiotics, or proteins.Cell HarvestingFor example, for intracellular protein-based products, the first step is harvesting the cells. This is typically achieved using centrifugation or filtration to separate the cells from the liquid phase.Cell Disruption for Intracellular ProductsIf the target product is intracellular, the harvested cells must be...

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Bilayer Microfluidic Device for Combinatorial Plug Production
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Published on: December 1, 2023

Compartmentalization of chemically separated components into droplets.

J Scott Edgar1, Graham Milne, Yiqiong Zhao

  • 1Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Box 351700, Seattle, WA 98195-1700, USA.

Angewandte Chemie (International Ed. in English)
|January 15, 2009
PubMed
Summary

This study integrates capillary electrophoresis with droplet generation for molecular analysis. Separated molecules are compartmentalized into droplets for on-chip study.

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Area of Science:

  • Analytical Chemistry
  • Microfluidics
  • Biochemistry

Background:

  • Capillary electrophoresis (CE) is a powerful separation technique.
  • On-chip analysis requires efficient sample handling and compartmentalization.
  • Droplet microfluidics offers precise control over small volumes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To integrate CE with droplet generation for enhanced molecular analysis.
  • To demonstrate compartmentalization of CE-separated analytes in droplets.
  • To enable on-chip study of droplet-confined molecular bands.

Main Methods:

  • Integration of capillary electrophoresis (CE) with electroosmotic flow-driven droplet generation.
  • Compartmentalization of molecular components separated by CE into discrete droplets.
  • On-chip docking and study of droplet-confined separated analytes.

Main Results:

  • Successful integration of CE with droplet generation.
  • Demonstrated compartmentalization of separated molecular components into droplets.
  • Enabled on-chip study of droplet-confined bands, representing separated analytes.

Conclusions:

  • The integration of CE with droplet generation provides a novel platform for molecular analysis.
  • This approach allows for efficient compartmentalization and on-chip study of separated analytes.
  • This technique offers a "not merely a drop in the ocean" solution for advanced molecular investigations.