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Skin Cancer

Skin Cancer

Skin cancer is a type of cancer that occurs when there is an abnormal growth of skin cells, usually triggered by damage to the DNA within the skin cells. It is primarily caused by exposure to ultraviolet (UV) radiation from the sun or artificial sources like tanning beds. Skin cancer is the most common type of cancer worldwide, and its incidence continues to rise.
Basal Cell Carcinoma (BCC): BCC is the most common type of skin cancer, accounting for about 80% of cases. It typically develops in...

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Updated: Jun 26, 2026

Multiplex Immunohistochemical Analysis of the Spatial Immune Cell Landscape of the Tumor Microenvironment

Multiplex Immunohistochemical Analysis of the Spatial Immune Cell Landscape of the Tumor Microenvironment

Published on: August 18, 2023

Delineating melanoma using multimodal polarized light imaging.

Zeina Tannous¹, Munir Al-Arashi, Sonali Shah

¹Boston Veterans Affairs Medical Center (Jamaica Plains Campus), Boston, Massachusetts, USA.

Lasers in Surgery and Medicine

|January 15, 2009

Summary

Reflectance and fluorescence polarization imaging effectively demarcate melanoma in fresh skin excisions. Methylene blue staining enhanced melanoma visualization, showing promise for accurate surgical margin assessment.

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Combining Reflectance Confocal Microscopy with Optical Coherence Tomography for Noninvasive Diagnosis of Skin Cancers via Image Acquisition

Combining Reflectance Confocal Microscopy with Optical Coherence Tomography for Noninvasive Diagnosis of Skin Cancers via Image Acquisition

Published on: August 18, 2022

Area of Science:

Medical imaging
Dermatology
Surgical pathology

Background:

Melanoma is a deadly skin cancer, with surgical excision as the primary treatment.
Current margin control methods are limited, leading to potential sampling errors.
Intraoperative margin assessment is crucial for effective melanoma treatment.

Purpose of the Study:

To evaluate reflectance and fluorescence polarization imaging for melanoma demarcation.
To assess the efficacy of tetracycline and methylene blue stains in imaging melanoma.
To determine the feasibility of accurate and rapid melanoma delineation in surgical excisions.

Main Methods:

Excision of suspicious pigmented lesions followed by bisection of the specimen.
Imaging of fresh tissue using reflectance and fluorescence polarization techniques.
Staining with tetracycline or methylene blue, followed by reimaging and histopathological comparison.

Main Results:

Both tetracycline and methylene blue stains were suitable for imaging benign and dysplastic nevi.
Melanoma was more clearly delineated in methylene blue-stained samples.
Optical imaging correlated well with standard histopathology.

Conclusions:

Reflectance and fluorescence polarization imaging show potential for intraoperative margin control.
Methylene blue staining offers superior visualization of melanoma compared to tetracycline.
This technique could enable accurate and rapid delineation of melanoma during surgery.