[Changes of human immunophenotype during adaptation to environmental factors, in different forms of pathology and...

The aim of the study was to elucidate mechanisms underlying variations of human immune phenotype in the course of adaptation to environmental factors, development of different forms of pathology and their specific treatment from dynamics of expression of surface CD-molecules in lymphocyte plasmolemma and immunoglobulin A, M, G levels in blood plasma. 253 assumingly healthy volunteers residing in the Moscow Megapolis exhibited a tendency toward enhanced lymphocyte apoptosis and reduced efficiency of their co-stimulation and cooperative interaction. Pathologies of different etiology were associated with the imbalance of specific and non-specific reactions of immune and biological control. Specifically, expression of CD 95 (Fas/APO-1) molecules triggering apoptosis increased in all patients with postmenopausal osteoporosis, pneumonia, and bronchial asthma but decreased in patients with rheumatic fever, erosive and ulcerative lesions in the digestive tract. Expression of surface receptors by the cells involved in "processing" of unshared antigens, their presentation by T-lymphocytes, inactivation and destruction of pathogens was enhanced only in patients with erosive and ulcerative lesions in the digestive tract. It decreased in rheumatic fever, postmenopausal osteoporosis, pneumonia, and bronchial asthma. Effective specific treatment leading to the normalization of (or tending to normalize) expression of CD molecules in lymphocytes and prevented changes in the immune and biological control system.