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Updated: Jun 26, 2026

Holistic Facial Composite Creation and Subsequent Video Line-up Eyewitness Identification Paradigm
Published on: December 24, 2015
Holistic processing for faces and cars in preschool-aged children and adults: evidence from the composite effect
Viola Macchi Cassia1, Marta Picozzi, Dana Kuefner
1Dipartimento di Psicologia, Università degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca, Italy. viola.macchicassia@unimib.it
Abstract:
The current study compared the development of holistic processing for faces and non-face visual objects by testing for the composite effect for faces and frontal images of cars in 3- to 5-year-old children and adults in a series of four experiments using a two-alternative forced-choice recognition task. Results showed that a composite effect for faces was present as early as 3 1/2 years, and none of the age groups tested showed signs of a composite effect for cars. These findings provide the first demonstration that holistic processing is already selective for faces in early childhood, and confirm existing evidence that sensitivity to holistic information in faces does not increase from 4 years to adulthood.
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