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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 26, 2026

Brain Imaging Investigation of the Memory-Enhancing Effect of Emotion

Brain Imaging Investigation of the Memory-Enhancing Effect of Emotion

Published on: May 4, 2011

Positive moods can eliminate intentional forgetting.

Karl-Heinz Bäuml¹, Christof Kuhbandner

¹Department of Experimental Psychology, Regensburg University, Regensburg, Germany. karl-heinz.baeuml@psychologie.uni-regensburg.de

Psychonomic Bulletin & Review

|January 16, 2009

Summary

Mood significantly impacts directed forgetting. Positive moods eliminate forgetting of previously studied information, while negative moods sustain it, highlighting mood

Area of Science:

Cognitive Psychology
Affective Science

Background:

Directed forgetting allows intentional forgetting of studied information.
Affective state's influence on directed forgetting is not fully understood.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate how induced mood states affect directed forgetting.
To determine if mood during new material encoding modulates memory suppression.

Main Methods:

Participants studied neutral materials (List 1).
Moods (positive, negative, neutral) were induced before encoding new neutral materials (List 2).
Directed forgetting cues were used to signal forgetting of List 1.

Main Results:

Negative moods sustained the forgetting of previously studied items.

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Last Updated: Jun 26, 2026

Brain Imaging Investigation of the Memory-Enhancing Effect of Emotion

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Positive moods eliminated directed forgetting effects, leading to recall of List 1 items.

Mood, not emotional content of materials, was the key factor.

Conclusions:

Mood state during encoding critically influences directed forgetting.
Positive moods may enhance associative retrieval, counteracting directed forgetting.
Findings emphasize mood's role over emotional content in directed forgetting.