[New options in the diagnosis and management of uterine myoma]

Myoma accounts for nearly 95% of all benign tumors of female genital organs and is the most common neoplasm of female genital tract. Along with thorough history and gynecologic examination, ultrasound study is of utmost importance in the diagnosis of myoma; magnetic resonance (MR) study may also be required in rare cases. A number of therapeutic options are available for the management of myoma, ranging from medicamentous therapy through operative procedures (e.g., total or supracervical hysterectomy or myoma enucleation) and novel non-operative procedures (e.g., embolization of uterine artery (EUA) and magnetic resonance guided focused ultrasound (MRgFUS). Discomforts caused by a myoma are an absolute indication for treatment. Therapeutic option to be chosen is determined by the number, size and location of myomas, and the patient's preferences. Therapeutic choice should rely on the patient's decision for or against treatment, sparing the uterus. An individualized treatment protocol should be tailored for each patient.