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Related Concept Videos

Microtubules in Signaling01:22

Microtubules in Signaling

The primary cilium, made up of microtubules, acts as antennae on the cell surfaces for relaying external stimuli into the cells. These fine hair-like structures are present, generally one per cell. These are non-motile cilia in a 9+0 microtubules arrangement, where the central pair of microtubules are absent. The primary cilia arise from the basal body embedded in the cell membrane. Intraflagellar transport (IFT) carries requisite proteins from the cytoplasm to the cilium because the primary...
Centrioles and Centrosomes01:13

Centrioles and Centrosomes

Most animal cells comprise a pair of centrioles together called a centrosome. The cell duplicates its centrosome and contains two centrosomes side-by-side, which begin to move apart during the prophase. As the centrosomes migrate to two different sides of the cell, microtubules start extending from each centrosome toward the other end. The mitotic spindle is composed of the centrosomes and their emerging microtubules.
Near the end of the prophase, also called late prophase or "prometaphase,"...
Microtubules in Cell Motility01:24

Microtubules in Cell Motility

Microtubules are thick hollow cylindrical proteins that help form the cytoskeleton. Microtubules have varied roles in the cell. These filaments help form cellular appendages like cilia and flagella, which are responsible for locomotion. The cilia arise from basal bodies, separated from the main body by a membrane-like structure forming the transition zone. This zone is the gate for the entry of lipids and proteins, creating a unique composition of lipids and proteins in the ciliary membrane and...
Microtubules in Cell Motility01:24

Microtubules in Cell Motility

Microtubules are thick hollow cylindrical proteins that help form the cytoskeleton. Microtubules have varied roles in the cell. These filaments help form cellular appendages like cilia and flagella, which are responsible for locomotion. The cilia arise from basal bodies, separated from the main body by a membrane-like structure forming the transition zone. This zone is the gate for the entry of lipids and proteins, creating a unique composition of lipids and proteins in the ciliary membrane and...
Mechanism of Ciliary Motion01:05

Mechanism of Ciliary Motion

The ciliary structures were first seen in 1647 by Antonie Leeuwenhoek while observing the protozoans. In lower organisms, these appendages are responsible for cell movement, while in higher organisms, these appendages help in the movement of the extracellular fluids within the body cavities.
The cilia are made up of microtubules in a 9+2 arrangement, with nine microtubule doublet ring bundles, surrounding a pair of central singlet microtubule bundles. The doublet microtubule bundles are...
Mechanism of Ciliary Motion01:05

Mechanism of Ciliary Motion

The ciliary structures were first seen in 1647 by Antonie Leeuwenhoek while observing the protozoans. In lower organisms, these appendages are responsible for cell movement, while in higher organisms, these appendages help in the movement of the extracellular fluids within the body cavities.
The cilia are made up of microtubules in a 9+2 arrangement, with nine microtubule doublet ring bundles, surrounding a pair of central singlet microtubule bundles. The doublet microtubule bundles are...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 26, 2026

Using Primary Neurosphere Cultures to Study Primary Cilia
08:14

Using Primary Neurosphere Cultures to Study Primary Cilia

Published on: April 14, 2017

Basal bodies platforms for building cilia.

Wallace F Marshall1

  • 1Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA.

Current Topics in Developmental Biology
|January 17, 2009
PubMed
Summary

Basal bodies, modified centrioles forming cilia and flagella, are complex structures implicated in diseases like nephronophthisis. Understanding their protein components and functions is key to deciphering these ciliopathies.

Area of Science:

  • Cell Biology
  • Structural Biology
  • Genetics

Background:

  • Basal bodies are essential modified centrioles that nucleate cilia and flagella.
  • Their formation involves distinct pathways and a complex proteome, including genes linked to ciliopathies such as nephronophthisis and cone-rod dystrophy.
  • Basal bodies play critical roles in ciliary structure, positioning, protein entry regulation, and potentially cell polarity and division.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To summarize the current understanding of basal body structure, function, and disease relevance.
  • To highlight the complexity of the basal body proteome and its connection to human genetic disorders.
  • To outline the methodologies employed in studying basal body biology.

Main Methods:

  • Proteomic analysis to identify basal body proteins.

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Simple Detection of Primary Cilia by Immunofluorescence
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Simple Detection of Primary Cilia by Immunofluorescence

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Last Updated: Jun 26, 2026

Using Primary Neurosphere Cultures to Study Primary Cilia
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Simple Detection of Primary Cilia by Immunofluorescence
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Simple Detection of Primary Cilia by Immunofluorescence

Published on: May 15, 2020

  • Genetic studies using cell culture lines and model organisms like Chlamydomonas reinhardtii.
  • Investigating the functional roles of basal bodies in ciliary assembly and cellular processes.

    • Main Results:

    • Basal bodies exhibit complex formation pathways and harbor a large number of proteins.
    • A significant portion of basal body proteins are associated with cilia-related genetic disorders.
    • Key functions include templating ciliary axonemes, dictating ciliary position, regulating ciliary protein import, and linking cell polarity to cell division.

    Conclusions:

    • The basal body proteome is increasingly well-defined, providing a foundation for understanding its multifaceted roles.
    • Defects in basal body function are directly linked to human diseases, particularly nephronophthisis and cone-rod dystrophy.
    • Ongoing research utilizing proteomic and genetic approaches is advancing mechanistic insights into basal body biology and associated pathologies.