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Related Concept Videos

Mechanism of Ciliary Motion01:05

Mechanism of Ciliary Motion

The ciliary structures were first seen in 1647 by Antonie Leeuwenhoek while observing the protozoans. In lower organisms, these appendages are responsible for cell movement, while in higher organisms, these appendages help in the movement of the extracellular fluids within the body cavities.
The cilia are made up of microtubules in a 9+2 arrangement, with nine microtubule doublet ring bundles, surrounding a pair of central singlet microtubule bundles. The doublet microtubule bundles are...
Mechanism of Ciliary Motion01:05

Mechanism of Ciliary Motion

The ciliary structures were first seen in 1647 by Antonie Leeuwenhoek while observing the protozoans. In lower organisms, these appendages are responsible for cell movement, while in higher organisms, these appendages help in the movement of the extracellular fluids within the body cavities.
The cilia are made up of microtubules in a 9+2 arrangement, with nine microtubule doublet ring bundles, surrounding a pair of central singlet microtubule bundles. The doublet microtubule bundles are...
Accessory Structures of the Eye01:17

Accessory Structures of the Eye

Optical perception, or vision, is an extraordinary sense dependent on converting light signals received via the ocular organs. These organs, known as eyes, are securely positioned within the bony cavities of the skull, called orbits. The orbits serve a dual purpose: a protective shield for the ocular globes and a stable attachment point for the soft ocular tissues. The eye's external protective mechanisms include the eyelids, which are edged with lashes that act as a barrier against foreign...
Microtubules in Signaling01:22

Microtubules in Signaling

The primary cilium, made up of microtubules, acts as antennae on the cell surfaces for relaying external stimuli into the cells. These fine hair-like structures are present, generally one per cell. These are non-motile cilia in a 9+0 microtubules arrangement, where the central pair of microtubules are absent. The primary cilia arise from the basal body embedded in the cell membrane. Intraflagellar transport (IFT) carries requisite proteins from the cytoplasm to the cilium because the primary...
Photoreceptors and Visual Pathways01:22

Photoreceptors and Visual Pathways

At the molecular level, visual signals trigger transformations in photopigment molecules, resulting in changes in the photoreceptor cell's membrane potential. The photon's energy level is denoted by its wavelength, with each specific wavelength of visible light associated with a distinct color. The spectral range of visible light, classified as electromagnetic radiation, spans from 380 to 720 nm. Electromagnetic radiation wavelengths exceeding 720 nm fall under the infrared category, whereas...
Focusing of Light in the Eye01:16

Focusing of Light in the Eye

Light rays enter the eye through the cornea, a transparent dome-shaped tissue that is the eye's outermost layer. The cornea bends or refracts, light rays traveling to the pupil. The shape of the cornea determines how much of the light is bent and whether the image will be focused correctly on the retina at the back of the eye. Once the light has passed through both refraction layers, it converges into a single focal point onto a small area. This is where photoreceptors start transforming...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 26, 2026

Observation of the Ciliary Movement of Choroid Plexus Epithelial Cells Ex Vivo
08:00

Observation of the Ciliary Movement of Choroid Plexus Epithelial Cells Ex Vivo

Published on: July 13, 2015

Ciliary dysfunction in developmental abnormalities and diseases.

Neeraj Sharma1, Nicolas F Berbari, Bradley K Yoder

  • 1Department of Cell Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, School of Medicine, Birmingham, Alabama, USA.

Current Topics in Developmental Biology
|January 17, 2009
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Cilia, essential for cell function and development, are increasingly linked to human genetic disorders called ciliopathies. Research is uncovering their complex roles in signaling and disease pathogenesis.

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Last Updated: Jun 26, 2026

Observation of the Ciliary Movement of Choroid Plexus Epithelial Cells Ex Vivo
08:00

Observation of the Ciliary Movement of Choroid Plexus Epithelial Cells Ex Vivo

Published on: July 13, 2015

In vivo Evaluation of Mucociliary Clearance in Mice
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Nasal Brushing Sampling and Processing Using Digital High Speed Ciliary Videomicroscopy &ndash; Adaptation for the COVID-19 Pandemic
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Area of Science:

  • Cell Biology
  • Genetics
  • Developmental Biology

Background:

  • Cilia are microtubule-based cellular structures, classified as motile or immotile (primary cilia).
  • Both types play critical roles in mammalian development and postnatal life.
  • Cilia dysfunction causes diverse human genetic disorders, termed ciliopathies.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the roles of cilia in cellular signaling and development.
  • To understand the molecular basis of ciliopathies.
  • To explore the complex functions of cilia as sensory machines.

Main Methods:

  • In silico, genetic, and biochemical approaches were used.
  • Identification of cilia proteome components.
  • Analysis of human ciliopathy disease loci.

Main Results:

  • Cilia are vital for development and cellular signaling.
  • Cilia dysfunction leads to a wide spectrum of developmental defects and diseases.
  • Proteomic and genetic studies are accelerating the identification of ciliopathy-associated genes.

Conclusions:

  • Cilia are complex sensory organelles crucial for coordinating signaling pathways.
  • Understanding cilia is key to deciphering the etiology of ciliopathies.
  • Further research is needed to elucidate how cilia coordinate signaling and the mechanisms underlying ciliopathy phenotypes.