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Exploiting cellular-developmental evolution as the scientific basis for preventive medicine.

J S Torday1, V K Rehan

  • 1Department of Pediatrics, David Geffen School of Medicine, Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, Los Angeles, California 90502, United States. jtorday@labiomed.org

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Evolutionary developmental biology (evo-devo) offers a mechanistic view of evolution by integrating developmental principles with phylogeny. This approach reveals how gene regulatory networks drive evolutionary changes, offering insights into lung evolution and chronic lung diseases.

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Area of Science:

  • Evolutionary biology
  • Developmental biology
  • Genomics
  • Medicine

Background:

  • Traditional evolutionary studies are often descriptive and retrospective.
  • The post-genomic era necessitates a mechanistic approach to biology and medicine.
  • Bridging the gap between ontogeny and phylogeny is crucial for understanding evolutionary processes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To reintroduce developmental biologic principles into evolutionary studies (evo-devo).
  • To apply cell-molecular biologic principles to understand phylogenetic mechanisms.
  • To explore the continuum between proximate and ultimate causes of speciation.

Main Methods:

  • Utilizing a cell-cell interactive 'middle-out' approach.
  • Analyzing gene regulatory networks involved in lung ontogeny and phylogeny.
  • Integrating cell-cell interactions to predict adaptivity and maladaptivity.

Main Results:

  • Gained insights into lung evolution from fish swim bladders.
  • Identified gene regulatory networks driving lung development and evolution.
  • Observed changes including decreased alveolar size, decreased alveolar wall thickness, and increased alveolar wall strength.

Conclusions:

  • Evo-devo provides a mechanistic framework for understanding evolutionary processes.
  • Vertical integration of cell-cell interactions offers novel insights into chronic lung disease.
  • This approach is applicable to all biological structures, functions, and diseases, supporting preventive medicine.