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Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy: Instrumentation

Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy: Instrumentation

An atomic absorption spectrophotometer (AAS) comprises several components: a radiation source, an atomizer, a monochromator, and a detector. The radiation source can be a hollow-cathode lamp (HCL) or an electrodeless-discharge lamp (EDL), both of which provide a narrow emission line of the required wavelength. However, some instruments use continuum sources and high-resolution monochromators to achieve a narrow range of radiation.
The atomizer used in AAS can be either a flame atomizer or an...

Inductively Coupled Plasma Atomic Emission Spectroscopy: Instrumentation

Inductively Coupled Plasma Atomic Emission Spectroscopy: Instrumentation

Inductively coupled plasma (ICP) is the common plasma source used in atomic emission spectroscopy (AES), a technique that detects and analyzes various elements in a sample. This method is often called inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy (ICP-AES).
There are three main types of inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy (ICP-AES) instruments: sequential, simultaneous multichannel, and Fourier transform instruments, with the latter being less commonly used.

Atomic Emission Spectroscopy: Instrumentation

Atomic Emission Spectroscopy: Instrumentation

The instrumentation of atomic emission spectrometry (AES) involves various components, including atomization devices that convert samples into gas-phase atoms and ions. There are two main types of atomization devices: continuous and discrete atomizers. Continuous atomizers, like plasmas and flames, introduce samples in a constant stream, while discrete atomizers inject individual samples using syringes or autosamplers. The most common discrete atomizer is the electrothermal atomizer.

Raman Spectroscopy Instrumentation: Overview

Raman Spectroscopy Instrumentation: Overview

A conventional Raman spectrophotometer includes a laser source, a sample holding system, a wavelength selector, and a detector.
The monochromatic laser source, typically using visible or near-infrared radiation, generates a highly focused beam of light. This light interacts with the molecules of the sample, scattering some of the light. Liquid and gaseous samples are usually tested in ordinary glass capillaries, while solids can be analyzed as powders packed in capillaries or as potassium...

IR Spectrometers

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There are two main infrared (IR) spectrophotometers: dispersive IR spectrometers and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectrometers. In a dispersive IR spectrometer, a beam of infrared radiation produced by a hot wire is divided into two parallel equal-intensity beams using mirrors. One beam passes through the sample, while another is a reference beam. The beams then move through the monochromator, which separates the radiations into a continuous spectrum of different frequencies. The...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 26, 2026

Characterizing Far-infrared Laser Emissions and the Measurement of Their Frequencies

Characterizing Far-infrared Laser Emissions and the Measurement of Their Frequencies

Published on: December 18, 2015

High-precision CO2 isotopologue spectrometer with a difference-frequency-generation laser source.

Dirk Richter¹, Bryan P Wert, Alan Fried

¹Earth Observing Laboratory, National Center for Atmospheric Research, Boulder, CO 80301, USA. dr@ucar.edu

|January 17, 2009

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

A new laser spectrometer precisely detects carbon dioxide (CO(2)) isotopes (13C and 12C). This advancement offers high accuracy for isotope analysis in various applications.

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Area of Science:

Analytical Chemistry
Spectroscopy
Environmental Science

Background:

Isotopic analysis of carbon dioxide (CO(2)) is crucial for environmental and climate studies.
Precise measurement of CO(2) isotopes like (13)C and (12)C requires advanced instrumentation.

Purpose of the Study:

To report a novel precision laser spectrometer for detecting CO(2) isotopes.
To demonstrate the spectrometer's capability in measuring (13)C/(12)C ratios.

Main Methods:

Utilized a tunable mid-infrared laser source based on difference-frequency generation.
Measured fundamental absorption signatures of (13)C and (12)C isotopes in CO(2) at 4.32 microm.
Employed averaging times of 150 seconds for measurements.

Main Results:

Achieved a precision of up to 0.02 per thousand for CO(2) isotope measurements.
Obtained an overall accuracy of 0.05 per thousand when analyzing calibrated reference gases.
Demonstrated reliable detection of (13)C and (12)C isotope signatures.

Conclusions:

The developed laser spectrometer offers high precision and accuracy for CO(2) isotope analysis.
This instrument is suitable for applications requiring sensitive isotopic measurements.
The technology advances capabilities in environmental monitoring and climate research.