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Related Concept Videos

The Antiviral System of Bacteria and Archaea: CRISPR01:23

The Antiviral System of Bacteria and Archaea: CRISPR

CRISPR stands for Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats is a adaptive immune system found in bacteria and archaea that protects against viral infections. This system enables prokaryotic cells to identify, remember, and neutralize foreign genetic elements, primarily bacteriophages, by storing fragments of the invader’s DNA as a genetic memory.The CRISPR immune response begins during an initial infection. Cas (CRISPR-associated) proteins play a central role in this defense.
CRISPR and crRNAs02:53

CRISPR and crRNAs

Bacteria and archaea are susceptible to viral infections just like eukaryotes; therefore, they have developed a unique adaptive immune system to protect themselves. Clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats and CRISPR-associated proteins (CRISPR-Cas) are present in more than 45% of known bacteria and 90% of known archaea.
The CRISPR-Cas system stores a copy of foreign DNA in the host genome and uses it to identify the foreign DNA upon reinfection. CRISPR-Cas has three different...
CRISPR01:59

CRISPR

Genome editing technologies allow scientists to modify an organism’s DNA via the addition, removal, or rearrangement of genetic material at specific genomic locations. These types of techniques could potentially be used to cure genetic disorders such as hemophilia and sickle cell anemia. One popular and widely used DNA-editing research tool that could lead to safe and effective cures for genetic disorders is the CRISPR-Cas9 system. CRISPR-Cas9 stands for Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short...
CRISPR01:59

CRISPR

Genome editing technologies allow scientists to modify an organism’s DNA via the addition, removal, or rearrangement of genetic material at specific genomic locations. These types of techniques could potentially be used to cure genetic disorders such as hemophilia and sickle cell anemia. One popular and widely used DNA-editing research tool that could lead to safe and effective cures for genetic disorders is the CRISPR-Cas9 system. CRISPR-Cas9 stands for Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short...
Conservative Site-specific Recombination and Phase Variation02:53

Conservative Site-specific Recombination and Phase Variation

Because the DNA segments are cut and reorganized in a direction-specific manner, site-specific recombination has emerged as an efficient genetic engineering technique. Flippase and Cyclization recombinases or Flp and Cre, respectively, are two members of the tyrosine recombinase family derived from bacteriophages, that are used to mediate site-specific DNA insertions, deletions, and targeted expression of proteins in mammalian cell lines.
The recognition sites for Cre recombinase called LoxP...
piRNA - Piwi-interacting RNAs02:57

piRNA - Piwi-interacting RNAs

PIWI-interacting RNAs, or piRNAs, are the most abundant short non-coding RNAs. More than 20,000 genes have been found in humans that code for piRNAs while only 2000 genes have been found for miRNAs. piRNAs can act at the transcriptional and post-transcriptional levels and have a vital role in silencing transposable elements present in germ cells. They are also involved in epigenetic silencing and activation. Previously, they were thought to function only in germ cells but new evidence suggests...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 26, 2026

Analyzing DNA-Protein Interactions with Streptavidin-Based Biolayer Interferometry
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Analyzing DNA-Protein Interactions with Streptavidin-Based Biolayer Interferometry

Published on: January 17, 2025

[Clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats: structure, function and application--a review].

Yujun Cui1, Yanjun Li, Yanfeng Yan

  • 1State Key laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing 100071, China. yujuncui@sina.com

Wei Sheng Wu Xue Bao = Acta Microbiologica Sinica
|January 20, 2009
PubMed
Summary

Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats (CRISPRs) offer prokaryotes adaptive immunity against phages. This review explores CRISPR-Cas systems, their history, structure, function, and bioinformatics applications to encourage further research.

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Monitoring Activation of the Antiviral Pattern Recognition Receptors RIG-I And PKR By Limited Protease Digestion and Native PAGE
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Monitoring Activation of the Antiviral Pattern Recognition Receptors RIG-I And PKR By Limited Protease Digestion and Native PAGE

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Analyzing DNA-Protein Interactions with Streptavidin-Based Biolayer Interferometry
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Analyzing DNA-Protein Interactions with Streptavidin-Based Biolayer Interferometry

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Monitoring Activation of the Antiviral Pattern Recognition Receptors RIG-I And PKR By Limited Protease Digestion and Native PAGE
12:43

Monitoring Activation of the Antiviral Pattern Recognition Receptors RIG-I And PKR By Limited Protease Digestion and Native PAGE

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Area of Science:

  • Microbiology
  • Molecular Biology
  • Genetics

Context:

  • Prokaryotic adaptive immunity relies on CRISPR-Cas systems.
  • CRISPR loci and associated elements like CAS proteins are crucial for this defense mechanism.
  • Understanding these systems is vital for prokaryotic biology.

Purpose:

  • To provide a comprehensive overview of CRISPR-Cas systems.
  • To detail the history, structure, function, and bioinformatics of CRISPRs.
  • To inspire further scientific investigation into this prokaryotic immunity.

Summary:

  • CRISPRs (Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats) provide heritable adaptive immunity in prokaryotes against phage invasion.
  • This review covers the history, structure, function, and bioinformatics research of CRISPR-Cas systems.
  • Associated elements, including CAS proteins and leader sequences, are discussed in the context of prokaryotic immunity.

Impact:

  • Facilitates a deeper understanding of prokaryotic adaptive immunity.
  • Highlights the potential of CRISPR-Cas systems in various applications.
  • Encourages new research directions in microbial genetics and molecular biology.