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Related Concept Videos

Chronic Kidney Disease II: Clinical Manifestations01:24

Chronic Kidney Disease II: Clinical Manifestations

Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) progressively impairs multiple body systems due to the accumulation of uremic toxins, which disrupt cellular functions across various organs.Neurologic symptomsNeurologic symptoms often arise early in CKD, as uremic toxin buildup drives changes in cognitive and motor functions. Patients frequently experience fatigue, headache, confusion, difficulty concentrating, and, in severe cases, seizures. Peripheral neuropathy commonly manifests as burning sensations in the...
Chronic Kidney Disease I: Introduction01:25

Chronic Kidney Disease I: Introduction

Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) arises when the kidneys progressively lose their ability to function, ultimately leading to end-stage renal disease. At this advanced stage, the kidneys can no longer filter waste or maintain essential body functions, requiring renal replacement therapy (RRT) through dialysis or a kidney transplant for survival.Early-stage chronic kidney disease and detection challengesIn CKD's early stages, symptoms often remain absent because healthy nephrons compensate for...
Heart Failure Drugs: Diuretics01:22

Heart Failure Drugs: Diuretics

Heart failure and kidney perfusion are interconnected in a complex way. Reduced renal perfusion and venous congestion are two significant factors that contribute to renal dysfunction in heart failure. The kidneys, primarily responsible for fluid balance in the body, are adversely affected due to compromised cardiac output and increased venous pressure. In response to reduced renal perfusion, the kidneys activate neurohumoral mechanisms to restore balance. However, these mechanisms can be...
Chronic Kidney Disease IV: Nursing Management01:18

Chronic Kidney Disease IV: Nursing Management

Nursing management is essential for preventing complications, maintaining stability, and improving patients' quality of life in chronic kidney disease (CKD). By using a structured approach, nurses help slow CKD progression and support effective patient care​.1. Comprehensive patient assessmentEffective management begins with nurses reviewing the patient’s medical history, and identifying key risk factors like diabetes, hypertension, and nephrotoxic drug use. Nurses assess signs of fluid...
Renal Failure: Dose Adjustments01:11

Renal Failure: Dose Adjustments

In patients with renal impairment, drugs undergo significant changes in their pharmacokinetics, which require dosage adjustments to ensure safe and effective therapy.
Reduced renal clearance and elimination rate are common outcomes of renal impairment. These alterations lead to a prolonged elimination half-life and an altered apparent volume of distribution for drugs. As a result, dosage adjustments are typically necessary to maintain optimal drug levels in the body.
However, dosage adjustments...
Factors Affecting Renal Clearance: Renal Impairment01:17

Factors Affecting Renal Clearance: Renal Impairment

Renal dysfunction significantly impairs the renal clearance of drugs, leading to potential complications in drug therapy. Renal failure, which can be caused by various factors, poses a significant challenge in the elimination of drugs from the body.
One condition associated with renal failure is uremia. Uremia is characterized by impaired glomerular filtration and fluid accumulation in the body. This condition hinders the renal clearance of drugs, resulting in drug accumulation and potential...

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Updated: Jun 26, 2026

Assessment of Vascular Function in Patients With Chronic Kidney Disease
08:50

Assessment of Vascular Function in Patients With Chronic Kidney Disease

Published on: June 16, 2014

Increased cardiovascular risk associated with reduced kidney function.

Timothy P Ryan1, Susan G Fisher, Jessica L Elder

  • 1Division of Epidemiology, Department of Community and Preventive Medicine, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY 14642, USA. givansati@yahoo.com

American Journal of Nephrology
|January 20, 2009
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Individuals with chronic kidney disease (CKD) face increasing cardiovascular mortality risk as kidney function declines. Early CKD identification and management are crucial for reducing this risk.

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Last Updated: Jun 26, 2026

Assessment of Vascular Function in Patients With Chronic Kidney Disease
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Published on: June 16, 2014

A Mouse 5/6th Nephrectomy Model That Induces Experimental Uremic Cardiomyopathy
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Area of Science:

  • Nephrology
  • Cardiology
  • Public Health

Background:

  • Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is linked to high cardiovascular mortality risk.
  • Specific risks associated with varying glomerular filtration rates (GFRs) in CKD patients remain unclear.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the relationship between kidney function levels and cardiovascular mortality risk.
  • To analyze this association in a diverse patient population.

Main Methods:

  • A nonconcurrent cohort study involving 34,982 ambulatory patients.
  • Kidney function, measured as estimated GFR (eGFR), was analyzed as a time-dependent variable.
  • Adjusted hazard ratios for cardiovascular mortality were calculated for different eGFR ranges.

Main Results:

  • A graded increase in cardiovascular mortality risk was observed with decreasing eGFR.
  • Patients with eGFR 30-44 had a 1.77-fold increased risk; eGFR 15-29 had a 3.75-fold increased risk; and eGFR <15 had a 3.83-fold increased risk.
  • A marked increase in risk was noted for eGFR <45 ml/min/1.73 m(2).

Conclusions:

  • Cardiovascular mortality risk significantly increases as kidney function declines, particularly with eGFR <45 ml/min/1.73 m(2).
  • The widespread availability of eGFR has had minimal impact on mitigating cardiovascular risk in CKD patients.
  • Early detection and management of CKD are vital public health priorities to reduce cardiovascular mortality.