Search research articles

ABOUT JoVE

Overview Leadership Blog JoVE Help Center

AUTHORS

Publishing Process Editorial Board Scope & Policies Peer Review FAQ Submit

LIBRARIANS

Testimonials Subscriptions Access Resources Library Advisory Board FAQ

RESEARCH

JoVE Journal Methods Collections JoVE Encyclopedia of Experiments Archive

EDUCATION

JoVE Core JoVE Business JoVE Science Education JoVE Lab Manual Faculty Resource Center Faculty Site

Terms & Conditions of Use

Related Concept Videos

Reliability and Validity

Reliability and Validity

Reliability and validity are two important considerations that must be made with any type of data collection. Reliability refers to the ability to consistently produce a given result. In the context of psychological research, this would mean that any instruments or tools used to collect data do so in consistent, reproducible ways.

Naturalistic Observations

Naturalistic Observations

If you want to understand how behavior occurs, one of the best ways to gain information is to simply observe the behavior in its natural context. However, people might change their behavior in unexpected ways if they know they are being observed. How do researchers obtain accurate information when people tend to hide their natural behavior? As an example, imagine that your professor asks everyone in your class to raise their hand if they always wash their hands after using the restroom. Chances...

Assessment of the Gastrointestinal System II: Health Perception Pattern

Assessment of the Gastrointestinal System II: Health Perception Pattern

Assessing the gastrointestinal (GI) system is a complex process that begins with collecting subjective data. This data, collected through patient interviews, provides crucial insights into the patient's health history, perception patterns, and lifestyle habits, all contributing significantly to GI health.
Health Perception Patterns
Health perception patterns offer valuable insights into a patient's lifestyle habits and how they may impact their GI health. These patterns include:

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by

Same author

Failure to reach hematopoietic allogenic stem cell transplantation in patients with myelodysplastic syndromes planned for transplantation: a population-based study.

Bone marrow transplantation·2022

Same author

ESTIMATION OF HP(3) AMONG STAFF MEMBERS IN TWO NUCLEAR MEDICINE UNITS IN FINLAND.

Radiation protection dosimetry·2020

Same author

Health-related quality of life in patients with melanoma - characterization of a Swedish cohort.

The British journal of dermatology·2019

Same author

The physiological and neuroendocrine correlates of hunger in the Red Junglefowl (Gallus gallus).

Scientific reports·2017

Same author

The Quest for Welfare-Friendly Feeding of Broiler Breeders: Effects of Daily vs. 5:2 Feed Restriction Schedules.

Poultry science·2017

Same author

Heavy metal content of Swedish municipal wastewater sludge - status and goals.

Water science and technology : a journal of the International Association on Water Pollution Research·2017

Same journal

Corrigendum to "Association of serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D with the risk of depression in individuals with prediabetes and diabetes: A prospective cohort study" [J Nutr Health Aging, 29 (2025) 100556].

The journal of nutrition, health & aging·2026

Same journal

Association between living arrangements in early old age and subsequent trajectories of protein intake among older adults in China.

The journal of nutrition, health & aging·2026

Same journal

Associations of adiponectin, leptin, and the adiponectin-to-leptin ratio with sarcopenia in older adults with cardiovascular-kidney-metabolic syndrome.

The journal of nutrition, health & aging·2026

Same journal

Association of artificial sweeteners intake and risk of CKD: a prospective cohort study.

The journal of nutrition, health & aging·2026

Same journal

Falls and frailty transitions in older adults: A multi-state analysis of a national longitudinal cohort.

The journal of nutrition, health & aging·2026

Same journal

Socioeconomic disparities in modifiable risk burden and dementia prevention: A prospective cohort study.

The journal of nutrition, health & aging·2026

See all related articles

Search research articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 26, 2026

'Boden Food Plate': Novel Interactive Web-based Method for the Assessment of Dietary Intake

'Boden Food Plate': Novel Interactive Web-based Method for the Assessment of Dietary Intake

Published on: September 18, 2018

Minimal eating observation form: reliability and validity.

A Westergren¹, C Lindholm, A Mattsson

¹Research and Development Unit, Central Hospital Kristianstad, Northeast Skåne Health Care District, Kristianstad, Sweden. Albert.G.Westergren@skane.se

The Journal of Nutrition, Health & Aging

|January 20, 2009

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Eating difficulties in hospitals are common and impact patient outcomes. The Minimal Eating Form (MEOF) shows good reliability and validity for identifying these issues, guiding appropriate nutritional support.

More Related Videos

Concept Development and Use of an Automated Food Intake and Eating Behavior Assessment Method

Concept Development and Use of an Automated Food Intake and Eating Behavior Assessment Method

Published on: February 19, 2021

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 26, 2026

'Boden Food Plate': Novel Interactive Web-based Method for the Assessment of Dietary Intake

'Boden Food Plate': Novel Interactive Web-based Method for the Assessment of Dietary Intake

Published on: September 18, 2018

Concept Development and Use of an Automated Food Intake and Eating Behavior Assessment Method

Concept Development and Use of an Automated Food Intake and Eating Behavior Assessment Method

Published on: February 19, 2021

Area of Science:

Gerontology
Clinical Nutrition
Healthcare Quality

Background:

Eating difficulties affect a significant majority of hospitalized patients, predicting adverse outcomes like undernourishment and prolonged hospital stays.
Factor analysis identified three dimensions of eating difficulties: ingestion, deglutition, and energy.
The Minimal Eating Form (MEOF) was developed to assess these eating difficulties.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the inter-observer reliability of the MEOF.
To confirm and potentially adjust the existing factor analysis model of eating difficulties.
To evaluate the MEOF's utility as an assessment model for identifying eating difficulties and their association with patient outcomes and interventions.

Main Methods:

An inter-observer reliability study involving 50 stroke patients assessed by independent observers.
A cross-sectional survey study of 2600 individuals in special accommodations and hospitals.
Factor analysis was used to confirm and refine the eating difficulty model.

Main Results:

High inter-observer agreement (89%, Kappa 0.70) was found for eating difficulty assessments.
Ingestion difficulties strongly predicted the need for eating assistance (OR 14.5).
Deglutition difficulties predicted adapted food consistency (OR 7.3), while poor energy/appetite predicted weight loss (OR 6.0) and low BMI (OR 2.5).

Conclusions:

The MEOF demonstrates satisfactory validity and reliability, with a refined model (MEOF-II).
Eating assistance appears effective in preventing malnutrition, particularly for patients with ingestion difficulties.
Patients with energy intake and appetite difficulties may require different support strategies, as current interventions seem insufficient.