Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Pigmentation01:19

Pigmentation

The color of the skin is influenced by a number of pigments, including melanin, carotene, and hemoglobin. Recall that melanin is produced by cells called melanocytes, which are found scattered throughout the stratum basale of the epidermis. The melanin is transferred to the keratinocytes via melanosomes.
Melanin occurs in two primary forms: eumelanin that provides black and brown pigment and pheomelanin that provides red color. Dark-skinned individuals produce more melanin than those with pale...
Skin Cancer01:30

Skin Cancer

Skin cancer is a type of cancer that occurs when there is an abnormal growth of skin cells, usually triggered by damage to the DNA within the skin cells. It is primarily caused by exposure to ultraviolet (UV) radiation from the sun or artificial sources like tanning beds. Skin cancer is the most common type of cancer worldwide, and its incidence continues to rise.
Basal Cell Carcinoma (BCC): BCC is the most common type of skin cancer, accounting for about 80% of cases. It typically develops in...
Changes in Skin Color: Clinical Perspectives01:14

Changes in Skin Color: Clinical Perspectives

The first thing a clinician sees is the skin, so the examination of the skin should be part of any thorough physical examination. Most skin disorders are relatively benign, but a few, including melanomas, can be fatal if untreated. A couple of the more noticeable disorders, albinism and vitiligo, affect the appearance of the skin and its accessory organs.
Albinism
Albinism is a genetic disorder that affects (completely or partially) the coloring of skin, hair, and eyes. The defect is primarily...
Abnormal Proliferation02:23

Abnormal Proliferation

Under normal conditions, most adult cells remain in a non-proliferative state unless stimulated by internal or external factors to replace lost cells. Abnormal cell proliferation is a condition in which the cell's growth exceeds and is uncoordinated with normal cells. In such situations, cell division persists in the same excessive manner even after cessation of the stimuli, leading to persistent tumors. The tumor arises from the damaged cells that replicate to pass the damage to the daughter...
Molecular Factors Affecting Cell Division01:27

Molecular Factors Affecting Cell Division

Several external and internal factors influence the initiation and inhibition of cell division. For instance, the death of nearby cells or the release of human growth hormone (hGH) promotes cell division. In contrast, lack of hGH or crowding of cells can inhibit cell division.
Several proteins function as internal regulators to ensure each cell cycle stage is completed faithfully before proceeding to the next. Regulator molecules may act directly or influence the activity or production of other...
The Intrinsic Apoptotic Pathway01:31

The Intrinsic Apoptotic Pathway

Internal cellular stress, such as cellular injury or hypoxia, triggers intrinsic apoptosis. The B-cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2) family of proteins are the primary regulators of the intrinsic apoptotic pathway. For example, during DNA damage, checkpoint proteins, such as Ataxia Telangiectasia Mutated (ATM protein) and Checkpoints Factor-2 (Chk2) proteins, are activated. These proteins phosphorylate p53 which further activates pro-apoptotic proteins, such as Bax, Bak, PUMA, and Noxa, and inhibits...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Psychiatric disorders in adolescent and young adult cancer survivors in Korea.

ESMO open·2025
Same author

Efficacy and safety of home-based transcranial direct current stimulation as adjunct treatment for cognitive improvement in major depressive disorder: A double-blind, randomized, multi-site clinical trial.

European psychiatry : the journal of the Association of European Psychiatrists·2025
Same author

Skin, hair and beyond: the impact of menopause.

Climacteric : the journal of the International Menopause Society·2022
Same author

A therapeutic intervention for Alzheimer's disease using ginsenoside Rg3: its role in M2 microglial activation and non-amyloidogenesis.

Journal of physiology and pharmacology : an official journal of the Polish Physiological Society·2021
Same author

Prognostic Utility of Disproportionately Enlarged Subarachnoid Space Hydrocephalus in Idiopathic Normal Pressure Hydrocephalus Treated with Ventriculoperitoneal Shunt Surgery: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.

AJNR. American journal of neuroradiology·2021
Same author

Dynamic and subtype-specific interactions between tumour burden and prognosis in breast cancer.

Scientific reports·2020
Same journal

PHLDA1 knockdown exacerbates emphysema in COPD by attenuating proliferation of alveolar type II cells via modulating GLI1 nuclear translocation.

Cellular and molecular life sciences : CMLS·2026
Same journal

Single-Cell dissection of fibrodysplasia ossificans progressiva identifies SPP1 as a mediator of macrophage-fibroadipogenic progenitors crosstalk.

Cellular and molecular life sciences : CMLS·2026
Same journal

Ablation of the renal tubular gluconeogenic enzyme PCK1 drives AKI-to-CKD transition by negatively regulating the TGF-β/Smad3 signaling pathway.

Cellular and molecular life sciences : CMLS·2026
Same journal

LncRNA modulates Dpp-mediated wing development to influence flight in Aedes aegypti.

Cellular and molecular life sciences : CMLS·2026
Same journal

TROP2 promotes bone metastasis of colorectal cancer through interaction with the fibronectin-integrin axis.

Cellular and molecular life sciences : CMLS·2026
Same journal

PRMT5-Cacna1d axis maintains calcium homeostasis to regulate postnatal motor development in mice.

Cellular and molecular life sciences : CMLS·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 26, 2026

Pharmacologic Induction of Epidermal Melanin and Protection Against Sunburn in a Humanized Mouse Model
12:37

Pharmacologic Induction of Epidermal Melanin and Protection Against Sunburn in a Humanized Mouse Model

Published on: September 7, 2013

Cellular mechanisms regulating human melanogenesis.

H Y Park1, M Kosmadaki, M Yaar

  • 1Department of Dermatology, Boston University School of Medicine, 609 Albany Street, Boston, MA 02118, USA. hypark@bu.edu

Cellular and Molecular Life Sciences : CMLS
|January 21, 2009
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Melanocytes produce melanin within melanosomes, which are transferred to keratinocytes for DNA protection from UV light. This process involves regulated steps from protein synthesis to melanosome transfer.

More Related Videos

Quantification of Hypopigmentation Activity In Vitro
06:08

Quantification of Hypopigmentation Activity In Vitro

Published on: March 6, 2019

Y-27632 Enriches the Yield of Human Melanocytes from Adult Skin Tissues
08:06

Y-27632 Enriches the Yield of Human Melanocytes from Adult Skin Tissues

Published on: July 8, 2020

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 26, 2026

Pharmacologic Induction of Epidermal Melanin and Protection Against Sunburn in a Humanized Mouse Model
12:37

Pharmacologic Induction of Epidermal Melanin and Protection Against Sunburn in a Humanized Mouse Model

Published on: September 7, 2013

Quantification of Hypopigmentation Activity In Vitro
06:08

Quantification of Hypopigmentation Activity In Vitro

Published on: March 6, 2019

Y-27632 Enriches the Yield of Human Melanocytes from Adult Skin Tissues
08:06

Y-27632 Enriches the Yield of Human Melanocytes from Adult Skin Tissues

Published on: July 8, 2020

Area of Science:

  • Cell biology
  • Dermatology
  • Biochemistry

Background:

  • Melanocytes are specialized cells responsible for melanin synthesis.
  • Melanin is a pigment produced in melanosomes, protecting skin DNA from UV radiation.
  • Melanosomes are transferred to keratinocytes, forming a protective cap.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To outline the key steps in melanin synthesis and distribution.
  • To describe the regulation of melanogenesis and melanosome transfer.
  • To highlight the role of melanocytes in UV protection.

Main Methods:

  • Review of cellular processes involved in melanogenesis.
  • Analysis of melanosome biogenesis and protein sorting.
  • Examination of melanosome transport and transfer mechanisms.

Main Results:

  • Melanin synthesis occurs in melanosomes via regulated transcription and protein sorting.
  • Melanosome transfer to keratinocytes is a crucial step for epidermal UV protection.
  • UV irradiation is a principal stimulus regulating these processes.

Conclusions:

  • The synthesis and transfer of melanin by melanocytes are complex, tightly regulated processes.
  • These processes are essential for protecting keratinocyte DNA from UV damage.
  • Understanding melanogenesis regulation is key for dermatological applications.