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Related Concept Videos

Thermoregulation01:26

Thermoregulation

The human body has a sophisticated thermoregulation system that employs negative feedback mechanisms to maintain an optimal core temperature. When the core temperature drops, peripheral and central thermoreceptors send signals to the hypothalamus, activating the heat-promoting center. This center triggers several responses aimed at increasing the core temperature. First, vasoconstriction reduces the flow of warm blood from internal organs to the skin so that the heat is not lost from the skin,...
Body Temperature01:25

Body Temperature

The body's temperature, measured in degrees, is determined by the balance between heat production and dissipation to the surrounding environment. For instance, if exercising vigorously, the body will produce more heat, causing sweat and dissipating that heat. Despite extreme environmental conditions and physical exertion, the human temperature-control system maintains a constant core body temperature (the temperature of deep tissues, which are the tissues located beneath the skin and other...
Body Temperature01:07

Body Temperature

Body temperature reflects the equilibrium between heat production and heat loss within the body. Most heat is generated by metabolically active tissues, particularly the liver, heart, brain, kidneys, and endocrine organs. At rest, skeletal muscles contribute 20–30% of total heat production, but during vigorous exercise, this can increase up to 30–40 times.
The average body temperature is approximately 37°C (98.6°F) and typically ranges from 36.1–37.2°C (97–99°F), remaining relatively stable...
Factors Affecting Body Temperature01:28

Factors Affecting Body Temperature

As a nurse, it is vital to understand the factors affecting body temperature to monitor variations and effectively evaluate deviations from regular.
Factors may  include:
Thermosensation01:43

Thermosensation

Peripheral thermosensation is the perception of external temperature. A change in temperature (on the surface of the skin and other tissues) is detected by a family of temperature-sensitive ion channels called Transient Receptor Potential, or TRP, receptors. These receptors are located on free nerve endings. Those detecting cold temperatures are closer to the surface of the skin than the nerve endings detecting warmth. These thermoTRP channels, while temperature selective, have relatively...
Requirements for Human Life01:26

Requirements for Human Life

The Earth and its atmosphere have provided humans with air, water, and food, but these are not the only requirements for survival. Humans also require a specific range of temperature and pressure that the Earth and its atmosphere provides.
Oxygen
Atmospheric air is only about 20 percent oxygen, but that oxygen is a key component of the chemical reactions that keep the body alive, including the reactions that produce ATP. Brain cells are susceptible to a lack of oxygen because they require a...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 26, 2026

Field-Based Thermal Physiology Assay: Cold Shock Recovery under Ambient Conditions
07:54

Field-Based Thermal Physiology Assay: Cold Shock Recovery under Ambient Conditions

Published on: March 9, 2021

Thermoregulation constrains effective warning signal expression.

Carita Lindstedt1, Leena Lindström, Johanna Mappes

  • 1Centre of Excellence in Evolutionary Research, Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, PO Box 35, FI-40014 University of Jyväskylä, Finland. carita.a.lindstedt@jyu.fi

Evolution; International Journal of Organic Evolution
|January 22, 2009
PubMed
Summary

Environmental temperature influences warning signal evolution in wood tiger moths. Colder temperatures favor smaller signals, impacting development and behavior, suggesting thermoregulation constrains warning display evolution.

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Last Updated: Jun 26, 2026

Field-Based Thermal Physiology Assay: Cold Shock Recovery under Ambient Conditions
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Area of Science:

  • Ecology
  • Evolutionary Biology
  • Animal Behavior

Background:

  • Conspicuous animal coloration can serve multiple functions, including signaling and thermoregulation.
  • Aposematic signals, like those in the wood tiger moth (Parasemia plantaginis), evolve under predator-prey dynamics.
  • Phenotypic and genetic variation exists in the size of the warning signal in Parasemia plantaginis larvae.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate if thermoregulation constrains the evolution of warning signal size in Parasemia plantaginis.
  • To test the hypothesis that colder habitats impose constraints on the size of aposematic signals.
  • To understand the interplay between antipredator defense and thermoregulatory needs in signal evolution.

Main Methods:

  • Factorial rearing experiment manipulating larval coloration (small vs. large signal) and environmental temperature (high vs. low).
  • Assessment of signal size and brightness under different temperature conditions.
  • Measurement of larval development time, growth rate, and basking behavior.

Main Results:

  • Environmental temperature significantly constrained both the size and brightness of the warning signal.
  • Larvae with smaller warning signals exhibited faster development and growth in colder environments.
  • Individuals with smaller signals displayed increased basking behavior in low-temperature conditions, indicating a thermoregulatory advantage.

Conclusions:

  • Thermoregulation is a significant factor constraining the evolution of conspicuous aposematic signals.
  • Environmental temperature can maintain variation in warning signals by favoring different signal sizes under different thermal regimes.
  • The evolution of aposematic displays is shaped by a balance between antipredator efficacy and physiological requirements like thermoregulation.