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Production of Alcohol

Production of Alcohol

Continuous fermentation is a key strategy in industrial ethanol production, particularly when efficiency, scalability, and high yields are essential. This approach allows for uninterrupted operation and optimized resource utilization. The primary feedstock, corn starch, undergoes enzymatic hydrolysis facilitated by α-amylase and glucoamylase. These enzymes break down the starch into fermentable sugars such as glucose, which are readily assimilated by fermentative microorganisms.Fermentation...

Downstream Processing

Downstream Processing

Downstream processing begins once fermentation is complete and involves a series of steps to recover and purify products such as acids, vitamins, antibiotics, or proteins.Cell HarvestingFor example, for intracellular protein-based products, the first step is harvesting the cells. This is typically achieved using centrifugation or filtration to separate the cells from the liquid phase.Cell Disruption for Intracellular ProductsIf the target product is intracellular, the harvested cells must be...

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High-throughput, Microscale Protocol for the Analysis of Processing Parameters and Nutritional Qualities in Maize (Zea mays L.)

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Enzymatic corn wet milling: engineering process and cost model.

Edna C Ramírez¹, David B Johnston, Andrew J McAloon

¹United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Services, Eastern Regional Research Center, 600 East Mermaid Lane, Wyndmoor, PA 19038, USA. Edna.Ramirez@ars.usda.gov

Biotechnology for Biofuels

|January 22, 2009

Summary

Enzymatic corn wet milling (E-milling) offers a cost-competitive alternative to conventional methods, especially when corn prices are high. This process enhances product yields and reduces steeping time without sulfites.

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Area of Science:

Biotechnology
Chemical Engineering
Agricultural Science

Background:

Conventional corn wet milling is a large-scale industrial process for starch and co-product recovery.
Enzymatic corn wet milling (E-milling) utilizes proteases to reduce steeping time and eliminate sulfites.
The US produced 23 billion kg of starch via conventional wet milling in 2006.

Purpose of the Study:

To develop process engineering and cost models for an E-milling plant.
To compare the E-milling process, operations, and costs against conventional wet milling.
To estimate the production cost per kilogram of starch using the developed E-milling model.

Main Methods:

Modeled an E-milling plant with a capacity of 2.54 million kg of corn per day.
Utilized SuperPro Designer software for process and cost simulation.
Gathered data from technical sources, industry experts, and pilot-scale trials.

Main Results:

The E-milling process includes grain cleaning, pretreatment, enzymatic treatment, and separation of germ, fiber, gluten, and starch.
Cost models were developed, enabling estimation of production costs per kilogram of starch.
The E-milling process was compared to the conventional process in terms of operations and costs.

Conclusions:

E-milling is cost-competitive with conventional wet milling, particularly during high corn feedstock cost periods.
The enzymatic process improves product yields in corn wet milling.
The developed E-milling model is available for educational, research, and non-commercial use.