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Related Concept Videos

Polyprotic Acids03:38

Polyprotic Acids

Acids are classified by the number of protons per molecule that they can give up in a reaction. Acids such as HCl, HNO3, and HCN that contain one ionizable hydrogen atom in each molecule are called monoprotic acids. Their reactions with water are:
Enhanced Elimination of Poison01:26

Enhanced Elimination of Poison

Poison can be effectively removed from the gastrointestinal (GI) tract through various decontamination procedures.
Antidotes serve a crucial role in counteracting the effects of poison by inhibiting enzymes responsible for producing harmful drug metabolites. In some cases, these toxic metabolites can be neutralized by endogenous cosubstrates, which are maintained at specific concentrations to prevent interaction with cellular macromolecules and subsequent cell death.
Renal excretion is the...
Prevention of Further Absorption of Poison01:14

Prevention of Further Absorption of Poison

In cases of acute poisoning, the primary objective is to prevent further absorption of the toxic substance into the body. Immediate interventions using various decontamination techniques targeting the gastrointestinal (GI) tract can achieve this. Decontamination is crucial to prevent poison from entering the systemic circulation, which involves washing affected areas with water and mild soap and removing contaminated clothing. Once external decontamination is done, attention must be turned to...
Renal Drug Excretion: Tubular Secretion01:28

Renal Drug Excretion: Tubular Secretion

Active tubular secretion is a robust, energy-demanding process that utilizes carrier systems to transport drugs into renal tubules. The active renal secretion systems include the organic anion transporter (OAT) for weak acids and the organic cation transporter (OCT) for weak bases. Structurally similar drugs can compete for the same transporter, potentially leading to drug accumulation and toxicity. However, this principle can be exploited therapeutically. One example is probenecid (Probalan),...
Renal Regulation of Acid-Base Balance01:29

Renal Regulation of Acid-Base Balance

Metabolic reactions in the body produce nonvolatile acids, such as sulfuric acid, which generate an acid load of approximately 1 mEq of H+ per kilogram of body weight daily. Excreting H+ in the urine is essential to balance this acid load.
In the kidneys, cells within the proximal convoluted tubules (PCT) and the collecting ducts secrete hydrogen ions (H+) into the tubular fluid. Specifically, in the PCT, Na+/H+ antiporters secrete H+ while reabsorbing Na+.
However, the intercalated cells in...
Drug Elimination by Renal Route: Tubular Reabsorption01:22

Drug Elimination by Renal Route: Tubular Reabsorption

During the process of renal excretion, as the glomerular filtrate progresses to the distal convoluted tubule (DCT), drugs that are highly permeable, lipophilic, and nonionized undergo passive reabsorption from the tubular fluid into the surrounding peritubular capillaries. This reabsorption process restricts their elimination through the kidneys. However, the majority of drugs are either weak acids or weak bases, and their ionization level is dependent on pH. By altering the pH of urine, the...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 26, 2026

A Rapid and Specific Microplate Assay for the Determination of Intra- and Extracellular Ascorbate in Cultured Cells
11:56

A Rapid and Specific Microplate Assay for the Determination of Intra- and Extracellular Ascorbate in Cultured Cells

Published on: April 11, 2014

Oxalic acid excretion after intravenous ascorbic acid administration.

Line Robitaille1, Orval A Mamer, Wilson H Miller

  • 1Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Jewish General Hospital, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.

Metabolism: Clinical and Experimental
|January 22, 2009
PubMed
Summary

Intravenous ascorbic acid (vitamin C) infusions may increase urinary oxalate. However, proper sample handling prevents ascorbic acid interference, showing minimal oxalate recovery (<0.5%) from high vitamin C doses in individuals with normal kidney function.

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Improved UPLC-UV Method for the Quantification of Vitamin C in Lettuce Varieties (Lactuca sativa L.) and Crop Wild Relatives (Lactuca spp.)
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Improved UPLC-UV Method for the Quantification of Vitamin C in Lettuce Varieties (Lactuca sativa L.) and Crop Wild Relatives (Lactuca spp.)

Published on: June 30, 2020

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 26, 2026

A Rapid and Specific Microplate Assay for the Determination of Intra- and Extracellular Ascorbate in Cultured Cells
11:56

A Rapid and Specific Microplate Assay for the Determination of Intra- and Extracellular Ascorbate in Cultured Cells

Published on: April 11, 2014

Improved UPLC-UV Method for the Quantification of Vitamin C in Lettuce Varieties (Lactuca sativa L.) and Crop Wild Relatives (Lactuca spp.)
10:22

Improved UPLC-UV Method for the Quantification of Vitamin C in Lettuce Varieties (Lactuca sativa L.) and Crop Wild Relatives (Lactuca spp.)

Published on: June 30, 2020

Area of Science:

  • Biochemistry
  • Clinical Chemistry
  • Nephrology

Background:

  • Intravenous ascorbic acid is used by some practitioners.
  • High doses may increase circulating ascorbic acid, raising concerns about oxalate crystallization.
  • Urinary oxalate is a risk factor for kidney stones.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the potential for intravenous ascorbic acid to increase urinary oxalic acid excretion.
  • To develop and validate analytical methods for accurate oxalic acid measurement in the presence of high ascorbic acid concentrations.

Main Methods:

  • Developed gas chromatography-mass spectrometry methods for oxalic acid analysis.
  • Established urine sampling and storage protocols to prevent in vitro ascorbic acid oxidation.
  • Measured urinary oxalic acid excretion in participants receiving intravenous ascorbic acid (0.2–1.5 g/kg).

Main Results:

  • Validated methods ensured no interference from ascorbic acid at pH < 2 and -30°C storage within 6 hours.
  • Urinary oxalic acid excretion increased with increasing intravenous ascorbic acid doses.
  • Less than 0.5% of a large intravenous ascorbic acid dose was recovered as urinary oxalic acid.

Conclusions:

  • Accurate measurement of urinary oxalic acid is feasible even with high intravenous ascorbic acid levels.
  • Intravenous ascorbic acid administration results in minimal recovery of oxalic acid in urine for individuals with normal renal function.
  • The risk of oxalate crystallization due to intravenous ascorbic acid appears low when appropriate analytical procedures are employed.